AP Biology Chapter 5 Flashcards

5705197887	selective permeability	the ability of a membrane to allow some substances to cross and to block some substances	0
5705207574	amphipathetic molecule	a molecule that has both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic region	1
5705214621	fluid mosaic	the idea that a membrane is a mosaic of protein molecules floating in a fluid layer of phospholipids	2
5705233159	cholesterol	an organic molecule that is an important constituent of cell membranes and a precursor of other steroid compounds	3
5705233160	integral protein	a protein that penetrates the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer	4
5705238210	peripheral protein	proteins that are not in the lipid bilayer but are instead loosely bound to the membrane, usually to an exposed part of an integral protein	5
5705253469	glycolipid	a molecule consisting of a carbohydrate bonded to a lipid	6
5705260600	glycoprotein	a molecule consisting of a carbohydrate bonded to a protein	7
5705282104	aquaporin	a channel protein that allows water to go through a cell membrane	8
5705291096	diffusion	the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration	9
5705311740	facilitated diffusion	passive diffusion aided by channel proteins in the membrane	10
5705315454	osmosis	the diffusion of water across a membrane	11
5705318057	passive transport	transport that does not require the input of energy	12
5705321603	concentration gradient	the region along which the density of a substance increases or decreases	13
5705327579	osmoregulation	the control of water balance and solute concentration	14
5705334184	hypotonic	a solution outside a cell that has a lower concentration of solute than the interior of the cell, causing water to flow into the cell	15
5705345528	hypertonic	a solution outside a cell that has a higher concentration of solute than the interior of the cell causing water to flow out of the cell	16
5705353987	isotonic	a solution outside a cell that has the same concentration of solute as the interior of the cell	17
5705363868	plasmolysis	the act of a plant cell membrane shrinking away from the cell wall due to being surrounded by a hypertonic solution	18
5705378523	ion channels	channel proteins that transport ions	19
5705383110	gated ion channels	ion channels that "open" or "close" in response to a stimulus (ie electrical)	20
5705391705	active transport	transport that requires the input of energy	21
5705411286	membrane potential	the voltage across a membrane	22
5705421553	cotransport	the act of an ATP powered pump transporting specific solutes that indirectly drives the active transport of other solutes	23
5705430417	sodium-potassium pump	a protein pump that pumps 3 sodium out of a cell for every 2 potassium pumped into a cell	24
5705450986	proton pump	a protein pump that pumps H+ ions across a membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient	25
5705456920	electrogenic pump	a transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane	26
5705464317	electrochemical gradient	the combination of an electrical force and a chemical force driving the diffusion of solute across a membrane	27
5705480072	pinocytosis	the act of cells taking in extracellular fluid through vesicles in order to obtain molecules dissolved in the fluid	28
5705509100	phagocytosis	the act of a cell taking in particles through the creation of food vacuoles	29
5705494208	endocytosis	the act of a cell taking something in through the creation of vacuoles or vesicles from the cell membrane	30
5705530992	receptor mediated endocytosis	the ability of a cell to aquire bulk quantities of a substance through the use of proteins in the membrane that bind to that substance.	31
5705500411	exocytosis	the act of a cell expelling something through the fusion of vacuoles or vesicles to the cell membrane	32
5705528309	cell signaling	the act of using a signal molecule and a signal transduction pathway to convey electrical or chemical signals	33
5705581358	paracrine signaling	a form of cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells	34
5705595569	exocrine signaling	cell signaling pertaining to the secretion of a substance out through a duct	35
5705605716	hormones	any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour	36
5705618539	ligand	a molecule that specifically binds to another one, often a larger one	37
5705623437	G-protein	a protein that binds GTP	38