CASE STUDIES - ap psychology Flashcards

5550867906	The Little Albert Experiment	John Watson - demonstrated that one could condition a human to have an emotional response. Used baby Albert, showed white fluffy loud things.	0
5550867907	Pavlov and Conditioned Reflex Theory	Ivan Pavlov - Played metronome same time as feeding dogs which cause them to salivate whenever they heard it.	1
5550867908	The Rorschach Test	Hermann Rorschach - showed subjects 10 inkblots and asked what they saw. (Interpretive Test)	2
5550867909	Defense Mechanisms	Sigmund Freud - Claimed that the personality consisted of 3 components; ego, superego, the id. They all work together however when unbalanced, it can lead to free-floating anxiety.	3
5550867910	Skinner's Superstitious Pigeons	B.F. Skinner - Caged with a dish, 8 pigeons and fed them at 15 second intervals for 7 days. Studied operant conditioning.	4
5550867911	REM Sleeping and Dreaming	William Dement - volunteers were monitored while sleeping and awakened when in REM. (Rebound effect)	5
5550867912	Piaget and Object Permanence	Jean Piaget - cognitive development - showed an infant an object, hid it, observed how the child reacted. (Object permanence)	6
5550867913	Asch on Group Conformity	Soloman Asch - volunteers picked the obvious wrong line on purpose and the one who picked the right line conformed to the wrong answer.	7
5550867914	Harlow's Study of Contact Comfort	Harry Harlow - monkeys were given human mothers and diapers. always attracted to mothers with the soft cloth which proved physical contact is important.	8
5550867915	The Origin of Form Perception	Robert Fantz - studied the way infants stared by placing objects in front of them as they were drawn the human like features. Proved that infants were not born with a "blank slate."	9
5550867916	The Bobo Experiment	Albert Bandura - Children were brought to observe aggressive adult behavior then told to go to a room with toys given. Those who witnessed aggression were aggressive to the toys.	10
5550867917	The Milgram Experiment	Stanley Milgram - Fake electric shocks to people. If answer was wrong, told subject to shock the person. Authority causes humans to be susceptible.	11
5550867918	Internal and External Control	Julian Rotter - theorized that one trait of a person is internal locus of control or an external.	12
5550867919	Learning to feel Helpless	Martin Seligman- subjects were dogs in harnesses. Could escape shock by moving head. Learned helplessness is one cause of mental illness.	13
5550867920	Facial Expressions and Culture	Paul Ekman - showed subjects facial expression images and they all said the same emotion. Discovered expressions were universal.	14
5550867921	The Stanford Prison Experiment	Philip Zimbardo - half prisoners, half guards, and had a mock imprisonment. Dramatic change occurred as 'guards' took their authority too seriously and abused prisoners.	15
5550867922	Identifying Mental Illnesses in a Mental Hospital	David Rosenhan - 'patients' were admitted to the mental hospital for saying they heard noises. even with normal behavior, doctors treated them as if they had an illness. Assumptions.	16
5550867923	multiple intelligence	howard garner- established 8 signs to define intelligence. influenced educational systems.	17
5550867924	cultural values and human behavior	harry triandis- organized 3 studies; each competes questions that would study their attitudes.	18
5550867925	the minnesota twin study	thomas bouchard- two different types of twins; rated and shared traits.	19
5550867926	law of effect	edward thorndike- placed cat into a crate to get a fish on the outside.	20
5550867927	cognitive dissonance	leon festinger, carl smith- motivation is doing something (thoughts and actions should be the same) subjects asked to perform dull tasks $1 or $20	21
5550867928	short term retention of verbal	peterson, peterson- subjects asked to recall intervals of 3's. short term memory has a limited duration	22
5550867929	short term memory capacity	miller- shortterm memory can only hold 7 thoughts. (longer delay, less info rehersed)	23
5550867930	psychological emotional state	schachter, singer- the emotion/psychological effect happens at the same time (gave subjects "vitamins" misformed subjects did not experience symptoms.	24
5550867931	Split Brain Experiment	Roger Sperry - observed people with lesions in two specific areas on the left heimsphere as they lost their ability to talk.	25
5550867932	Autokinetic Effect Experiment	Sherif - autokinect effect - small spot of light into a dark room (will appear to move but isn't). When tested people conformed to saying it was moving.	26
5550867933	Robber's Cave	Sherif - 22 boys taken to a camp learned to bond then put against each other as a competition.	27
5550867934	Sperling and Sensory Memory	Sperling - subjects briefly saw a set of 3,4,5,6,8,9, or 10 letters - immediately had to write the letters they saw.	28
5550867935	Sign Theory	Edward C. Tolman - emphasized the relationships between stimuli rather than stimulus response.	29
5550867936	Bystander Apathy Experiment	Darly and Latane - each subject allowed 2 min. to speak. One pre-recorded voice is that of an epileptic student. 31% seek for help	30
5550867937	Visual Click	Gibson, Walk - To see how young you are when you understand and achieve independent movement - infant crawled across board then experimented if he would craw on the glass.	31
5550867938	John Garcia & Robert Koelling Taste Aversion Research	Garcia, Koelling - A human who eats sushi for the first time and who happens to come down with an unrelated stomach virus or influenza may still develop a taste aversion to sushi.	32
5550867939	Classical Conditioning	Wagner, Scorla - mathematical model of classical conditioning and took principles.	33
5550867940	Concrete Operational Stage	Piaget - study of children in the concrete operational stage. Set out a row of counters in front of the child and asked him or her to make another row the same as the first one.	34