AP Psychology Unit 5 Flashcards
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| 5287851321 | consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment |  | 0 |
| 5287851322 | circadian rhythm | the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle |  | 1 |
| 5287851323 | REM sleep | rapid eye moment sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active |  | 2 |
| 5287851324 | alpha waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state |  | 3 |
| 5287851325 | sleep | periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation |  | 4 |
| 5287851326 | hallucinations | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus |  | 5 |
| 5287851327 | delta waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep; 30 minutes |  | 6 |
| 5287851328 | NREM sleep | non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep |  | 7 |
| 5287851329 | narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times |  | 8 |
| 5287851330 | sleep apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings |  | 9 |
| 5287851331 | night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by a high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered |  | 10 |
| 5287851332 | dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it |  | 11 |
| 5287851333 | manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content) |  | 12 |
| 5287851334 | latent content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content) |  | 13 |
| 5287851335 | REM rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep) |  | 14 |
| 5287851336 | hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur |  | 15 |
| 5287851337 | posthypnotic suggestions | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors |  | 16 |
| 5287851338 | dissociation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others |  | 17 |
| 5287851339 | psychoactive drug | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods |  | 18 |
| 5287851340 | tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect |  | 19 |
| 5287851341 | withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug |  | 20 |
| 5287851342 | physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued |  | 21 |
| 5287851343 | psychological dependence | a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions |  | 22 |
| 5287851344 | addiction | compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences |  | 23 |
| 5287851345 | depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce activity and slow body functions |  | 24 |
| 5287851346 | barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment |  | 25 |
| 5287851347 | opiates | opium and its derivatives, (such as morphine and heroin); they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety |  | 26 |
| 5287851348 | stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up the body functions |  | 27 |
| 5287851349 | amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes |  | 28 |
| 5287851350 | methamphetamine | a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels |  | 29 |
| 5287851351 | near-death experience | an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations |  | 30 |
| 5287851352 | THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations |  | 31 |
| 5287851353 | homeostasis | a state of psychological equilibrium obtained when tension or a drive has been reduced or eliminated |  | 32 |
| 5287851354 | insomnia | recurring problems in falling or staying asleep |  | 33 |
| 5287851355 | activation-synthesis theory | theory that dreams reflect inputs from brain activation originating in the pons, which the forebrain then attempts to weave into a story |  | 34 |
| 5287851356 | biofeedback | a training program in which a person is given information about physiological processes (heart rate or blood pressure) that is not normally available with the goal of gaining conscious control of them |  | 35 |
| 5287851357 | meditation | the act of deep thinking or reflection |  | 36 |
| 5287851358 | ecstasy (MDMA) | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition |  | 37 |
| 5287851359 | hallucinogens | psychedlic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input |  | 38 |
| 5287851360 | LSD | a powerful hallucigenic drug; also known as acid |  | 39 |
| 5287851361 | Stanley Coren | found most humans will sleep 9 hours if uninterrupted | | 40 |
| 5287851362 | William Dement | Sleep researcher who discovered and coined the phrase "rapid eye movement" (REM) sleep. |  | 41 |
| 5287851363 | Sigmund Freud | considered dreams the key to understanding our inner conflict |  | 42 |
| 5287851364 | Ernest Hilgard | believed hypnosis invovles not only social influences but also a special state of dissociation Hilgard's HYPNOSIS |  | 43 |
| 5287851365 | Albert Hofmann | a Swiss scientist known best for being the first person to synthesize, ingest and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) |  | 44 |
| 5287851366 | Nicholas Spanos | hypnosis researcher! |  | 45 |
| 5287861398 | divided consciousness theory | a state of awareness characterized by divided attention to two or more tasks or activities performed at the same time | 46 | |
| 5287867405 | social influence theory | the subject is so caught up in the hypnotized role that she ignores the cold | 47 | |
| 5287871865 | selective attention | The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus | 48 | |
| 5287876166 | 90 minutes | four stages take | 49 | |
| 5287922349 | NREM-1 | the transition into sleep. marked by slowed breathing and irregular brain waves. Can experience hallucinations; 10 min | 50 |