AP Biology Functional Groups Flashcards

4971040611	Phosphate Group	consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It is usually ionized and attached to the carbon skeleton by one of its oxygen atoms.	0
4971040612	Amino Group	composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton. It acts as a base by picking up H+ from a solution. Organic compounds with an amino group are called amines. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain a carboxyl and an amino group.	1
4971040613	Carbonyl Group	a carbon atom is linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom. If the carbon of the carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the compound is called an aldehyde; if it is within the chain, the compound is called a ketone. Sugars contain a carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups	2
4971040614	Hydroxyl Group	consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton. Ethanol and other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups are called alcohols.	3
4971040615	Carbonyl Group	Carbon with a double bonded oxygen	4
4971040616	Sulfhydryl	consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen	5
4971040617	Carboxyl Group	A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.	6
4971040618	Methyl	consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogens. Compounds with these groups are called methylated compounds.	7
4971044434	hydrogen bond	A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.	8
4971046101	covalent bond	A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons	9
4971048054	ionic bond	Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another	10
4971049285	polar covalent bond	A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally	11
4971064616	cation	A positively charged ion	12
4971065007	anion	A negatively charged ion	13