Chapter 19 APES Flashcards
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| 6215941082 | Adaption | A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce | 0 | |
| 6215941083 | Albedo | Surfaces ability to reflect light | 1 | |
| 6215941084 | Global change | Change that occurs in the chemical, biological, and physical properties of the planet | 2 | |
| 6215941085 | Global climate change | Changes in the climate of Earth; an aspect of global change | 3 | |
| 6215941086 | Global warming | The warming of the oceans, landmasses, and atmosphere of Earth; an aspect of global climate change | 4 | |
| 6215941087 | The greenhouse effect |  | 5 | |
| 6215941088 | Greenhouse warming potential | An estimate of how much a molecule of any compound can contribute to global warming over a period of 100 years relative to a molecule of CO2 | 6 | |
| 6215941089 | Methane (CH4) | Created when there is not enough oxygen available to produce carbon dioxide | 7 | |
| 6215941090 | Nitrous Oxide (N20) | A natural component of the nitrogen cycle that is produced through the process of denitrification | 8 | |
| 6215941091 | Water Vapor (H20) | The most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and the greatest natural contributor to global warming | 9 | |
| 6215941092 | Kyoto protocol | An international agreement to reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases from all industrialized countries to 5.2 percent below their 1990 levels by 2012 | 10 | |
| 6215941093 | Reasons why the US didn't sign the Kyoto protocol | -Too much uncertainty in Global warming -Unfair that developing countries have no reduction requirements | 11 | |
| 6215941094 | Carbon sequestration | An approach to stabilizing greenhouse gases by removing CO2 from the atmosphere | 12 | |
| 6215941095 | CAFE Standards | Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards enacted into law in 1975, established fuel efficiency standards for passenger cars and light trucks | 13 | |
| 6215941096 | Cap and trade | Market-based system of pollution control whereby individual businesses can buy and sell emission credits even while the total level of industry pollution is capped at some level | 14 | |
| 6215941097 | Carbon dioxide (CO2) | The greatest contributor to the greenhouse effect because its concentration is so much higher than any of the others | 15 | |
| 6215941098 | CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) | Potent greenhouse gases with very high greenhouse warming potentials | 16 | |
| 6215941099 | Glacial periods | A period of global cooling occurs in which earths temperatures decline and ice begins to accumulate | 17 | |
| 6215941100 | Global cooling | Global cooling apparently can be promoted by an increase of SO4 from volcanic eruptions (plus abundant ash and clouds), as well as human produced aerosols | 18 | |
| 6215941101 | Greenhouse gases | Primary Sources:Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and CFCs Natural Sources: Volcanic eruptions, decomposition, digestion, denitrification, evaporation, and evapotranspiration Anthropogenic Sources: burning of fossil fuels, agriculture, deforestation, landfills, and industrial production of chemicals | 19 | |
| 6215941102 | HCFCs (Hydrochlorofluorocarbons) | An alternative refrigerant which are less harmful to the ozone layer, but still have very high greenhouse warming potentials | 20 | |
| 6215941103 | Interglacial periods | Warmer periods when the ice retreats to cover less of the earths surface | 21 | |
| 6215941104 | IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) | Aims to provide comprehensive scientific assessments of current scientific, technical and socio-economic info worldwide about the risk of climate change caused by human activity | 22 | |
| 6215941105 | Methane hydrates | Methane that is believed to be locked in cold ocean seabeds from millions of years ago; Holds a lot of carbon | 23 | |
| 6215941106 | Mitigation | The policy of constructing or creating man-made habitats, such as wetlands, to replace those lost to development | 24 | |
| 6215941107 | Soil sequestration | Plants such as switchgrass can remove CO2 from air and store it in the soil | 25 | |
| 6215941108 | UV; visible light | Incoming solar radiation is composed of _______ and ________ ________ | 26 | |
| 6215941109 | 1/3 | __/__ of the incoming radiation is reflected by atmosphere, clouds and surface of planet | 27 | |
| 6215941110 | Clouds | The rest of the solar radiation is absorbed by ______ or the earth's surface | 28 | |
| 6215941111 | Greenhouse gases | The surface of the earth then radiates the heat back into the atmosphere as ____________ _______ | 29 | |
| 6215941112 | absorbed; emitted | The infrared radiation is either _________ or __________ | 30 | |
| 6215941113 | Warmer | When greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation, the planet is {WARMER/COOLER} | 31 | |
| 6215941114 | More | The {MORE/LESS} greenhouse gases there are in the atmosphere, the warmer the planet will be | 32 | |
| 6215941115 | Water Vapor | Which GHG is least impacted by humans? | 33 | |
| 6215941116 | CO2 | Which GHG has the greatest impact on the greenhouse effect? | 34 | |
| 6215941117 | Burning fossil fuels | Identify the anthropogenic source: -Produces CO2 -Rate of source is much greater than producers taking in CO2 | 35 | |
| 6215941118 | Agriculture | Identify the anthropogenic source: -Nitrous Oxide -Excess nitrates=N2=Denitrification | 36 | |
| 6215941119 | Deforestation | Identify the anthropogenic source: -CO2 -Build up of CO2 because there are no trees to filter it out | 37 | |
| 6215941120 | Landfills | Identify the anthropogenic source: -Methane -Household waste that decomposes=low oxygen environment=methane | 38 | |
| 6215941121 | Industry | Identify the anthropogenic source: -CFCs -Air conditioners, freezers, etc=CFCs | 39 | |
| 6215941122 | Natural sources of Methane | Wetlands, animal digestion (termites) | 40 | |
| 6215941123 | Natural sources of Nitrous Oxide | Denitrification | 41 | |
| 6215941124 | Natural sources of Water Vapor | Hydrolic cycle | 42 | |
| 6215941125 | Anthropogenic sources of Methane | Livestock, landfills, production of natural gases/petroleum | 43 | |
| 6215941126 | Anthropogenic sources of Nitrous Oxide | Agriculture soil, manure as organic fertilizer, nitrogen fixed crops | 44 | |
| 6215941127 | Anthropogenic sources of Carbon Dioxide | Burning fossil fuels | 45 | |
| 6215941128 | Ways to measure historical temp levels/CO2 levels | -Measuring ocean and land temps -Ice cores | 46 | |
| 6215941129 | Positive feedback loop | Output increases original effect of the stimulus | 47 | |
| 6215941130 | Negative feedback loop | Output shuts off original effect of the stimulus | 48 | |
| 6215941131 | Electrolysis | Splitting water to get oxygen | 49 | |
| 6215941132 | Carbonic Acid | CO2 + H2O = _______ ______ | 50 | |
| 6215941133 | Denitrification | Nitrate changes to nitrogen gas | 51 | |
| 6215941134 | Aerobic decomposition | _______________ _____________ releases CO2 | 52 | |
| 6215941135 | SO2 | -Burning coal -Some autofuels (diesel) | 53 | |
| 6215941136 | NOx | -Fertilizer -Coal -Autofuels | 54 | |
| 6215941137 | Catalytic converter | NOx ----> |||||||| ----> N2 >Tailpipe CO -----> |||||||| ----> O2 |  | 55 |
| 6215941138 | Photochemical smog | NOx + Methane + Sunlight = ______________ ________ | 56 | |
| 6215941139 | Atmosphere | When the Earth experiences higher temperatures, the oceans warm and cannot contain as much CO2 gas and, as a result, they release CO2 into the ________________ | 57 | |
| 6215941140 | The fundamental basis of climate change | Greenhouse gas concentrations are increasing and that this will lead to global warming is not in dispute among the vast majority of scientists | 58 |