Cell Communication - AP Biology Flashcards

5649972694	ligand	binds to the receptor on the plasma membrane	0
5649972695	kinase	a protein involved in signal transduction that activates other molecules by adding a phosphate group to them	1
5649972696	phosphorylation cascade	A phosphorylation cascade is a sequence of events where one enzyme phosphorylates another, causing a chain reaction leading to the phosphorylation of thousands of proteins. This can be seen in signal transduction of hormone messages	2
5649972697	reception	first of the three stages of cell signaling	3
5649972698	transduction	second of the three stages of cell signaling	4
5649972699	response	last of the three stages of cell signaling	5
5649972700	g-proteins	also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior	6
5649972702	ligand-gated ion channels	are a group of transmembrane ion channel proteins which open to allow ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, or Cl− to pass through the membrane in response to the binding of a chemical messenger (i.e. a ligand), such as a neurotransmitter	7
5649972704	The plasma membrane	Selectively permeable bilayer	8
5649972705	blood stream	The path a hormone takes to get to its receptor	9
5649972706	Cyclic AMP (cAMP)	is a second messenger that is important in many biological processes. cAMP is used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms	10
5649972707	Second Messengers	molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules in the cytosol and/or nucleus	11
5649972709	Apoptosis	Programmed cell suicide	12
5649972710	phosphatases	how a signal transduction pathway is turned off; inactivates kinases	13
5649972713	Apoptosis mainly prevents what disease?	Cancer	14
5649972718	the protein kinases and phosphatases are both types of...	enzymes	15
5649972721	transcription factor	a regulatory protein that binds to DNA, affecting the transcription of specific genes	16
5650035570	Quorum sensing	a system of communication among bacteria that uses population density	17
5651436327	Evolution and cell communication	Similar cell signal pathways are seen in diverse organisms; evidence that	18