Social Psychology Myers AP Flashcards

6369625630	social psychology	the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.	0
6369625631	attribution theory	the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.	1
6369625632	fundamental attribution error	the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.	2
6369625633	attitude	feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.	3
6369625634	central route persuasion	attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.	4
6369625635	peripheral route persuasion	attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.	5
6369625636	foot-in-the-door phenomenon	the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.	6
6369625637	role	a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.	7
6369625638	cognitive dissonance theory	the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.	8
6369625639	conformity	adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.	9
6369625640	normative social influence	influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.	10
6369625641	informational social influence	influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.	11
6369625642	social facilitation	stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.	12
6369625643	social loafing	the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.	13
6369625644	deindividuation	the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.	14
6369625645	group polarization	the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.	15
6369625646	groupthink	the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.	16
6369625647	culture	the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.	17
6369625648	norm	an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.	18
6369625649	personal space	the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies.	19
6369625650	prejudice	an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.	20
6369625651	stereotype	a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.	21
6369625652	discrimination	unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.	22
6369625653	ingroup	"Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.	23
6369625654	outgroup	"Them"—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.	24
6369625655	ingroup bias	the tendency to favor our own group.	25
6369625656	scapegoat theory	the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.	26
6369625657	other-race effect	the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races.	27
6369625658	just-world phenomenon	the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.	28
6369625659	aggression	physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.	29
6369625660	frustration-aggression principle	the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression.	30
6369625661	mere exposure effect	the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.	31
6369625662	passionate love	an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.	32
6369625663	companionate love	the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.	33
6369625664	equity	a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.	34
6369625665	self-disclosure	revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.	35
6369625666	altruism	unselfish regard for the welfare of others.	36
6369625667	bystander effect	the tendency for any given person nearby to be less likely to give aid if other people are present.	37
6369625668	social exchange theory	the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.	38
6369625669	reciprocity norm	an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.	39
6369625670	social-responsibility norm	an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.	40
6369625671	conflict	a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.	41
6369625672	social trap	a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.	42
6369625673	mirror-image perceptions	mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.	43
6369625674	self-fulfilling prophecy	a belief that leads to its own fulfillment.	44
6369625675	superordinate goals	shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.	45
6369625676	GRIT	Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.	46