Ap Biology Chapter 54 Flashcards

5711648852	Community	An assemblage of populations of various species living close enough for potential interaction	0
5711661883	Interspecifc interactions	Relationships between species in a community	1
5711672825	Interspecific competition	Occurs when species compete for a resource in short supply	2
5711692887	Competitive exclusion	Local elimination of a competing species	3
5711700603	Competitive exclusion principle	States that two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot coexist in the same place	4
5711713150	Ecological niche	The total of a species' use of biotic and abiotic resources	5
5711726102	Resource partitioning	Differentiation of ecological niches enabling similar species to coexist in a community	6
5711736349	Character displacement	A tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of 2 species than in allopatric populations of the same 2 species	7
5711757417	Fundamental niche	All the places an organism could live without competition	8
5711765757	Realized niche	Where an organism actually lives	9
5711772033	Predation	Refers to interaction where one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey	10
5711784753	Cryptic coloration	camouflage, makes prey difficult to spot	11
5711801324	Aposematic coloration	Animals with effective chemical defense often exhibit bright warning coloration	12
5711815413	Batesian mimicry	Palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful model	13
5711825101	Mullerian mimicry	2 or more unpalatable species resemble each other	14
5711831731	Herbivory	Refers to an interaction in which an herbivore eats parts of a plant or alga	15
5711898484	Symbiosis	A relationship where 2 or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another	16
5711906083	Parasitism	One organism derives nourishment from another organism, its host which is harmed in the process	17
5711917027	Endoparasites	Parasites that live within the body of their host	18
5711926917	Ectoparasites	Parasites that live on the external surface of a host	19
5711935446	Mutualism	Is an interspecific interaction that benefits both species	20
5711944955	Obligate	One species cannot survive with out the other	21
5711963727	Facultative	Both species can survive alone	22
5711970807	Commensalism	One species benefits and the other is apparently unaffected	23
5711977828	Species diversity	The variety of organisms that make up the community	24
5711990577	Species richness	The total number of different species in the community	25
5711998896	Relative abundance	The proportion each species represents of the total individuals in the community	26
5712012741	Trophic structure	Is the feeding relationships between organisms in a community	27
5712020840	Food chains	Link trophic levels from producers to top carnivores	28
5712030074	Food web	A branching food chain with complex trophic interactions	29
5712044619	Energetic hypothesis	Suggests that length is limited by inefficient energy transfer	30
5712054053	Dynamic stability hypothesis	Proposes that long food chains are less stable than short ones	31
5712060092	Dominant species	Are those that are most abundant or have the highest biomass	32
5712069959	Keystone species	Exert strong control on a community by their ecological roles or niches (mvp)	33
5712085551	Invasive species	Typically introduced to a new environment by humans often lack predators or disease	34
5712092049	Foundations species	Cause physical changes in the environment that affect community structure	35
5712104504	Facilitators	Have positive effects on survival and reproduction of some other species in the community	36
5712125563	Bottom up model	Community organization proposes a unidirectional influence from lower to higher trophic levels	37
5712155460	Top down model	(trophic cascade)-Proposes that control comes from the trophic level above	38
5712166454	Non-equilibrium model	Describes communities constantly changing after being buffeted by disturbances	39
5712215098	Intermediate disturbance hypothesis	Suggests that moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater diversity than either high or low levels of disturbance	40
5712239591	Ecological succession	The sequence of community and ecosystem changes after a disturbance	41
5712249387	Primary succession	Occurs where no coil exists when succession begins	42
5712256956	Secondary succession	Begins in an area where soil remains after a disturbance	43
5712265648	Species-area curve	Quantifies the idea that all other factors being equal, a larger geographic area has more species	44
5712277231	Evapotranspiration	Evaporation of water from soil plus transpiration of water from plants	45
5712286800	Zoonotic	Pathogens have been transferred from other animals to humans	46
5712294776	Latitude and area	2 key factors that affect a community's species diversity	47