Ch. 4 AP Biology Flashcards

5131432024	cell theory	all organisms consist of one or more cells; cells are basic unit of life; all cells come from division of pre-existing cells.	0
5131438801	cytoplasm	jellylike mixture of water and solute in a cell.	1
5131443577	Nucleus	Holds the DNA, double membrane	2
5131446879	Organelle	structure in a cell that carries out a specific function	3
5131447668	Plasma membrane	Functional barrier of a cell	4
5131455886	Biofilm	Community of microbes living within a shared mass of secreted slime.	5
5131457659	cell wall	rigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells.	6
5131463892	flagellum	long, slender cellular structure used for motility	7
5131465428	Nucleoid	region where DNA is concentrated in a bacterium	8
5131468815	Pilus	a protein filament that projects from the surface of some prokaryotic cells	9
5131472322	plasmid	small circle of DNA in some bacteria	10
5131473762	Ribosome	small organelle that carries out protein synthesis.	11
5131479947	Chromatin	Term for all of the DNA and associated proteins.	12
5131481446	Nuclear Envelope	a double membrane around the nucleus	13
5131483006	Nucleolus	in the nucleus, a dense regions where ribosome subunits are produced.	14
5131488223	nucleoplasm	fluid enclosed by the nuclear envelope	15
5131491188	central vacuole	fluid filled organelle in many plant cells	16
5131493340	endomembrane system	series of interacting organelles; ER, Golgi bodies, vesicles, that produce lipids and proteins.	17
5131499027	endoplasmic reticulum	membrane-enclosed organelle that is continuous with the nuclear envelope, makes lipids, breaks down carbs, produces proteins.	18
5131506849	Golgi body	organelle that modifies proteins and lipids, then packages products into vesicles.	19
5131510152	lysosome	enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down cellular waste	20
5131512839	peroxisome	enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxins.	21
5131517220	vacuole	organelle filled with fluid	22
5131520731	vesicle	Small, membrane-enclosed organelle; stores, transports, or breaks down contents.	23
5131535354	Mitochondrion	organelle that produces ATP	24
5131535355	Chloroplast	Organelle of photosynthesis	25
5131538159	plastid	double membrane organelle that functions in photosynthesis, pigmentation, or storage in plant cells.	26
5131552055	basal body	organelle that develops from a centriole	27
5131553198	cell cortex	reinforcing mesh of cytoskeletal elements under a plasma membrane	28
5131556497	centriole	barrel-shaped organelle from which microtubules grow	29
5131558518	cilium	short, movable structure that projects from the plasma membrane of some eukaryotic cells.	30
5131563415	cytoskeleton	dynamic framework of protein filaments that support, organize, and move eukaryotic cells and their structures	31
5131566440	intermediate filament	stable cytoskeletal element that structurally supports cells and tissues	32
5131570140	microfilament	a fiber of actin subunits	33
5131572410	microtubule	large cytoskeletal fiber, made of tubulin subunits	34
5131575598	motor protein	type of energy-using protein that moves cell parts	35
5131578744	pseudopod	A temporary protrusion that helps some eukaryotic cells move and engulf prey.	36
5131586665	adhering junction	cell junction that fastens an animal cell to another cell	37
5131588576	cuticle	secreted covering at a body surface	38
5131590256	extracellular matrix (ECM)	complex mix of cell secretions	39
5131594728	gap junction	cell junction that forms a closable channel across plasma membrane of animal cells	40
5131598790	lignin	material that strengthens plant cell walls	41
5131600080	plasmodesma	cell junction that forms an open channel between cytoplasm of adjoining plant cells	42
5131603210	primary wall	the first cell wall of young plant cells	43
5131604482	secondary wall	lignin-reinforced wall that forms inside the primary wall of plant cells	44
5131608189	tight junction	cell junction that fastens together the plasma membrane of adjacent animal cells.	45