Chapter 5 APES Flashcards
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| 5387530987 | ecosystem diversity | the variety of ecosystems within a given region | 0 | |
| 5387530988 | species diversity | the variety of species within a given ecosystem | 1 | |
| 5387530989 | genetic diversity | the variety of genes within a given species | 2 | |
| 5387530990 | species richness | the number of species in a given area | 3 | |
| 5387530991 | species evenness | the relative proportion of different species in a given area | 4 | |
| 5387530992 | microevolution | evolution occurring below the species level (genes) | 5 | |
| 5387530993 | macroevolution | evolution that gives rise to new species, genera, families, classes, or phlya | 6 | |
| 5387530994 | speciation | the evolution of new species | 7 | |
| 5387530995 | mutation | a random change in the genetic code produced by a mistake in the copying process | 8 | |
| 5387530996 | artificial selection | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of humans selecting which individuals breed (with traits that are useful or aesthetically pleasing) | 9 | |
| 5387530997 | natural selection | a change in the genetic composition of a population over time as a result of the environment determining which individuals can survive and reproduce | 10 | |
| 5387530998 | fitness | an individual's ability to survive and reproduce | 11 | |
| 5387530999 | adaptation | a trait that improves an individual's fitness | 12 | |
| 5387531000 | geographic isolation | physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species | 13 | |
| 5387531001 | reproductive isolation | the result of two populations within a species evolving separately so they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring | 14 | |
| 5387531002 | genetically modified organism | an organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species | 15 | |
| 5387531003 | range of tolerance | the limits to the abiotic conditions that a species can tolerate | 16 | |
| 5387531004 | fundamental niche | the suite of ideal environmental conditions for a species, it includes abiotic factors such as temperature range, pH range, salinity, | 17 | |
| 5387531005 | realized niche | the range of abiotic and biotic conditions under which a species actually lives | 18 | |
| 5387531006 | species distribution | the distribution of species' population among a region | 19 | |
| 5387531007 | niche generalist | a species that can live under a wide range of abiotic and biotic conditions | 20 | |
| 5387531008 | niche specialist | a species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat to feed on a small group of species | 21 | |
| 5387531009 | mass extinction | a large extinction of species in a relatively short period of time | 22 | |
| 5387531010 | sixth mass extinction | extinction rates vary from 2% to 25% of species going extinct by 2020 | 23 | |
| 5387531011 | background extinction | the average rate at which species become extinct over the long term | 24 | |
| 5387531012 | coevolution | process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other | 25 | |
| 5387531013 | resource partitioning | a situation in which two species divide a resource, based on differences in their behavior or morphology | 26 | |
| 5387531014 | competitive exclusion principle | two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist | 27 | |
| 7808577397 | genetic drift | change in genetic composition of a population over time as a result of random mating | 28 | |
| 7808630565 | bottleneck effect | a reduction in genetic diversity of a population caused by reduction in the size of the population, this can be from habitat loss or a disaster. | 29 | |
| 7808655874 | founder effect | a change genetic composition due to a few individuals starting a new population away from a mainland population | 30 | |
| 7808688035 | allopatric speciation | type of speciation that occurs when species become geographically isolated from each other and then reproductive isolation occurs over time. Darwins finches are thought to have evolved this way | 31 | |
| 7808708023 | sympatric speciation | type of speciation that occurs in the absence of geographic isolation. Usually involves polyploidy, which is when the number of chromosomes increases from two sets to 3,4,6 o r 7 sets. Plants like wheat, bananas or strawberries do this. | 32 | |
| 7808744082 | generalists | organisms that have broad diets and wide habitat requirements. example raccoon, cock roach | 33 | |
| 7808748834 | specialists | organisms that have specific diets or specific habitat requirements. For example a panda that can eat only eucalyptus leaves. | 34 |