ap Flashcards

9640269286	commodity chain	the linked sequence of operations from the design to the production and distribution of a good	0
9640275827	break-of-bulk location	a location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another	1
9640277436	GNP	Gross National Product - the sum of all goods and services produced in a nation in a year	2
9640277437	GDP	Gross Domestic Product - the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.	3
9640284222	GNI	Gross National Income - consists of GDP plus the net income earned from investments abroad	4
9640291289	per capita GNI	The Gross National Product of a given country divided by its population.	5
9640296235	formal economy	the legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's GNP	6
9640298578	informal economy	transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government	7
9640300791	digital divide	a worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology	8
9640305101	Millennium Development Goals	eight goals established by the UN in 2000 to foster development in a sustainable and equal manner by 2015	9
9640310832	modernization model	model of economic development maintains that all countries go through five stages of development	10
9640313393	context	what happened and what is happening as a result of something	11
9640322290	neocolonialism	A postcolonial system that perpetuates Western economic exploitation in former colonial territories.	12
9640325314	structuralist theory	difficult-to-change, large-scale economic arrangements shape what can happen in fundamental ways	13
9640327823	dependency theory	the belief that development in some areas of the world locks other nations into underdevelopment	14
9640333676	dollarization	economic strategy that has a country adopting U.S. dollar as its official currency	15
9640336728	world-systems theory	theory by Immanuel Wallerstein that world is split into core, periphery, and semi-periphery	16
9640340037	three-tier structure	in which Wallerstein divided the world, the core, the periphery, and the semi-periphery	17
9640342841	trafficking	trading illegally	18
9640346634	structural adjustment loans	loans to countries in exchange for reforms in the economy or government	19
9640350081	neoliberalism	an ideological tendency that favors liberal democracy and market-led development	20
9640355769	export processing zones	small areas within countries which provide favorable conditions created for foreign investment	21
9640358104	maquiladoras	special factories in Mexico owned mainly by American companies; EPZs	22
9640364504	special economic zones	areas of a country with different economic regulations designed to attract direct foreign investment	23
9640367514	NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement; allows open trade with US, Mexico, and Canada.	24
9640369128	desertification	lower land productivity caused by overfarming, overgrazing, seasonal drought, and climate change	25
9640375483	island of development	when a government or corporation builds up and concentrates economic development in a certain city	26
9640378723	NGOs	intl organization dedicated to investigating human rights violations and providing humanitarian aid	27
9640381421	microcredit programs	loans to the poor, particularly women, to encourage development of small businesses	28