AP Biology cell division Flashcards
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| 6112899932 | mitosis | -functions in growth and repair -produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells -chromosome number(2n) remains the same 2n=2n+2n -consists of phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase | 0 | |
| 6112899933 | kinetochore | disk-shaped protein that attaches chromatid to the mitotic spindle |  | 1 |
| 6112899934 | centromere | specialized region that holds two sister chromatids together |  | 2 |
| 6113168811 | sister chromatids | two strands of DNA; one is a replica of the other |  | 3 |
| 6113172526 | interphase | -consists of G1, S, and G2 phase | 4 | |
| 6113173515 | g1 phase | intense growth and biochemical activity phase | 5 | |
| 6113174603 | s phase | synthesis or replication of DNA | 6 | |
| 6113175719 | g2 phase | -cell continues to grow and prepare for division -most of a cell's life is spent in interphase nucleolus is visible | 7 | |
| 6113177915 | mitosis | division of nucleus | 8 | |
| 6113181302 | cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm | 9 | |
| 6113184331 | ratio of volume to the surface area and capacity of the nucleus | two factors limit cell size and promote cell division | 10 | |
| 6113186332 | checkpoints | built-in ________ in G1, G2, and M phase halt or trigger cell division | 11 | |
| 6113187610 | restriction point | -most important checkpoint -occurs in G1 phase -without the go ahead signal, the cell becomes a non-dividing cell(G0). -Ex: muscle and nerve cells | 12 | |
| 6113268270 | cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases(CDKs) | timing of cell division is also controlled by cyc______ and cyc_____________________(CDKs) | 13 | |
| 6113270432 | cyclins | are synthesized in response to various molecular signals, including growth factors | 14 | |
| 6113275322 | prophase | -nuclear membrane disintegrates -strands of chromosomes condense and become visible -nucleolus disappears | 15 | |
| 6113277436 | metaphase | -chromosomes line up SINGLE FILE on the metaphase plate -centrioles are at opposite ends of the cell -spindle fibers run from centrioles to kinetochores | 16 | |
| 6113280322 | anaphase | -sister chromatids separate as spindle fibers pull them apart -shortest phase of mitosis | 17 | |
| 6113281520 | telophase | -chromosomes cluster at opposite ends of the cell -nuclear membrane reforms -supercoiled chromosomes unravel and become invisible again -spindle fibers may still be visible | 18 | |
| 6113284531 | animal cell cytokinesis | -division of the cytoplasm -forms a cleavage furrow |  | 19 |
| 6113291502 | plant cell cytokinesis | -division of the cytoplasm -forms a cell plate |  | 20 |
| 6113293320 | cleavage furrow | -forms down the middle of dividing ANIMAL CELLS ONLY -actin and myosin microfilaments pinch in the cytoplasm, enabling the cell to break in two | 21 | |
| 6113295200 | cell plate | -forms down the middle of dividing plant cells only -formed by fusion of vesicles from the golgi apparatus | 22 | |
| 6113296827 | contact inhibition | -phenomenon in which cells cease dividing when they become crowded -also called density-dependent inhibition -a property of normal cells grown in culture -cancer cells do not exhibit this characteristic; their growth is uncontrolled | 23 | |
| 6113304422 | meiosis | -produces gametes in gonads -2n=n+n -consists of two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II | 24 | |
| 6113306838 | meiosis I | -reduction division -SYNAPSIS and CROSSOVER occur -homologous chromosomes separate | 25 | |
| 6113308724 | meiosis II | -like mitosis in that chromosome number remains the same -sister chromatids separate; they uncouple at the centromere | 26 | |
| 6113310449 | synapsis | -occurs during prophase of meiosis I -homologous chromosomes pair up in a tetrad, bivalent, or synaptonemal complex -preparation for crossover | 27 | |
| 6113313137 | chiasmata | -the site of crossover of nonsister chromatids -appears as an X-shaped region under the microscope | 28 | |
| 6113314715 | crossing over | -occurs during prophase I of meiosis -exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids -increases variation in offspring -produces recombinant chromosomes consisting of combined genes from two parents -occurs after synapsis | 29 | |
| 6113335008 | metaphase (mitosis vs. meiosis) | -in MITOSIS, sister chromatids separate; in MEIOSIS I, homologous pairs separate -mitotic daughter cells are identical to each other and to the parent cell -because of the exchange of genetic material during meiosis(cross over), gametes are very different from each other | 30 |