Unit 9 AP US History Flashcards
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| 6389441804 | Problems Facing Women in the 1960s | The Glass Ceiling: sexism that kept women from earning as much as men. in college the joke was women were getting MRS degree | 0 | |
| 6389445786 | Women's Movement | - Feminine Mystique: book by Betty Friedan 1963 - National Organization for Women (NOW): fair pay, equal opportunities - Civil Rights Act 1964: no discrimination based on gender - Roe v. Wade: woman could have abortion - Equal Rights Amendment: equal rights for both genders. denied bc ppl thot it was specified under Civil Rights | 1 | |
| 6406298156 | Problems Facing Latinos 1960s | - fastest growing minority, unequal pay, living in poverty, little rep in gov't, poor eduaction | 2 | |
| 6406302962 | Latino Movement | - Cesar Chavez: founder of United Farm Workers, used religion and nonviolent protests, led successful grape pickers strike in Cali - la causa - el movimiento estudiantil chicano de aztlán (MECHA) | 3 | |
| 6500113179 | La Causa | - farm worker's struggle - used terms chicano and chicana | 4 | |
| 6500116609 | el movimiento estudiantil chicano de aztlán (MECHA) | - chicago college students - wanted bilingual education, more latino teachers, Chicano studies programs | 5 | |
| 6406317396 | Problems facing Native Americans 1960s | - poorest minority group, unemployed 10x national and 40% below poverty line - low life expectancy (44 years), highest death rate - poor living conditions, deaths and homicides | 6 | |
| 6406352531 | Native American Movement | - LBJ: National Security Council on Indian Opportunity funneled money into reservations - Red Power: speaking out against harmful white action - American Indian Movement (AIM): armed occupations of Alcatraz Island for 19 months and Wounded Knee for 71 days | 7 | |
| 6406368445 | Problems Facing Environment 1960s | - Cuyahoga River caught fire bc chemicals - toxic residues in mother's breastmilk - acid rain - "killer smog" - nuclear meltdown risk - DDT built up in animals and caused fatalities among predators | 8 | |
| 6406379196 | Environmental Movement | - Silent Spring: book by Rachel Carson about chemical pesticides - Environmental Protection Agency created by exec branch - Earth Day created 1970 | 9 | |
| 6406393966 | Problems Facing Homosexuals 1960s | - private, adult homosexual events = illegal - police raided gay bars, didn't prosecute violence and killings - Mags about naked men regulated by gov't ... but Playboy was ok?? - American Psychiatric Association listed it as a mental disorder - as late as 1986 constitution did not protect | 10 | |
| 6406405285 | Homosexual Movement | - Stonewall Riots: 1969 police raided bar with intent to inspect and arrest ppl not appropriately dressed. men fought back = kickoff to Gay Liberation Movement - APA removed homosexuality from list of mental disorders - Obergefell v. Hodges 2015: same sex marriage | 11 | |
| 6406427205 | Problems Facing Asian Americans 1960s | - "Yellow Peril" made asians targets - rapidly growing minority - Chinese Exclusion Act, Pearl Harbor and Internment, Vietnam War - little education and money to start - "oriental" = nickname | 12 | |
| 6406439238 | Asian American Movement | - Asian American Political Allegiance encouraged acceptance of identity - marches and sit ins to protest injustice - 1988 Reagan apology to japanese internment | 13 | |
| 6400064587 | "Flexible Response" | - JFK's foreign policy - more chill, take things one step at a time - "MAD" and "brinkmanship" --> aggressive (eisenhower) | 14 | |
| 6400071280 | "Weak" | - JFK scared of being weak - his father helped set up Munish conference btwn Chamberlain and Hitler - weakness runs in family? - appease nazis = appease communism - he MUST solve crisis and be tough | 15 | |
| 6400079945 | Castro's Cuba | - overthrew US backed Batista in 1959 - the GW of Cuba - Brutal dictator - took land from US companies in Cuba and gave it to Cuba - aligned with USSR for oil and economic support --> we denied him it originally - self proclaimed socialist country in 1961 --> major threat to security | 16 | |
| 6400091961 | Bay of Pigs Invasion | - CIA/ Eisenhower Plan - JFK cancelled air support --> we look like bullies and USSR might respond - invasion = total failure with thousands of the cuban invaders captured or killed in a few days | 17 | |
| 6400098203 | CIA/ Eisenhower Plan Bay of Pigs | - train cuban expatriates to invade with US air support - inspire cuban people to rise up against Castro and throw him out | 18 | |
| 6400112001 | Soviet reaction to invasion | new soviet leader Khrushchev viewed JFK as WEAK after Bay of Pigs | 19 | |
| 6499807369 | Khrushcev | - New Soviet leader after Stalin - wrote those sketchy letters during the Cuban Missile Crisis | 20 | |
| 6400114460 | USSR fix embarrassment? | - berlin airlift sucked for them - theres a booming west Berlin economy - plus east germany choses to work in west berlin - east germans used west berlin to flee communism | 21 | |
| 6400124772 | Berlin Wall | - USSR's Solution: wall off all of the capitalist west berlin from communist east berlin - keep east germans OUT | 22 | |
| 6400127170 | Cuban Missle Crisis | - october '62 - aerial photos reveal IRBMs in Cuba built by USSR - IRBMs could reach: every major city except Seattle within 5 minutes | 23 | |
| 6400577448 | JFK's finest hour? | - a LOT of luck - smart brother - sold out Turkey to keep US safe | 24 | |
| 6400134664 | JFK's Assassination | - november 22, 1963 - Dallas, TX - shot twice (neck and head) - declared dead at hospital - vice president Lyndon B. Johnson sworn in immediately on Air Force One - lee harvey oswald | 25 | |
| 6400139579 | Lee Harvey Oswald | - arrested for killing JFK - military connection --> ex marine - soviet connection --> 1950s he went to soviets, then came back - shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby | 26 | |
| 6400147586 | The Warren Commission | - ordered by LBJ - headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren - ruled: "single bullet theory" - "magic bullet theory" | 27 | |
| 6400160153 | single bullet theory | - oswald acted alone, fired 3 shots from 6th floor of TX schoolbook Depository - 2 bullets hit: 1st made 7 holes in two men, 2nd hit JFK's head - mocked as "magic bullet theory" - jack ruby acted alone in killing oswald | 28 | |
| 6400170880 | LBJ's Presidency | - finished JFK's first term - ran for re-election in 1964 against conservative Barry Goldwater - daisy girl | 29 | |
| 6400424407 | Barry Goldwater | - republican party's nom for 1964 - sen arizona - really like nucs - AuH2O | 30 | |
| 6400198831 | LBJ loves FDR | - wanted to be next great domestic policy president... "the great society" - civil rights act, voting rights act, immigration act of 1965 - war on poverty: medicare, medicaid, head start | 31 | |
| 6499883988 | LBJ | - redneck who loved hunting - finished JFK's term then ran for reelection in 1964 - the Great Society | 32 | |
| 6400215861 | lesson for integration success taken from rosa parks? | - nonviolence --> sympathetic to cause - organized - economic pressure --> get respect for money, draw attention to crisis, hurt business | 33 | |
| 6400220688 | Civil Rights Groups | - NAACP: national association for the advancement of colored people - CORE: congress of racial equality (interracial) - SCLC: southern christian leadership conference --> has MLK Jr. - SNCC: student nonviolent coordination committee --> college kids, radical | 34 | |
| 6400243440 | The Sit Ins, 1960 | - test legality of segregation in retail stores: challenging bc store = private property, gov't has trouble dealing - nonviolent civil disobedience, SCLC - major sit ins: Greensboro, NC and Nashville, TN - student protesters attacked and arrested for disorderly conduct - gained support of SCLC: spread to other southern towns and nationwide protests, thousands jailed across USA before lunch counters were integrated | 35 | |
| 6400346381 | Freedom Rides | - Boynton v Virginia 1960 - ICC should be regulating this!! - Bus: blacks in front, whites in back - rest stops: blacks --> white waiting rooms, vice versa - everything rehearsed to draw attention - CORE filled buses with riders --> KKK violent af - bus drivers give up, CORE flew to New Orleans --> segregationists learn violence wins - SNCC picks up where they left off - by the end of 1961 ICC regulated rest stops and buses | 36 | |
| 6400360143 | Boynton v. Virginia | - 1960 - prohibited segregation on buses traveling across state lines, including waiting rooms and dining facilities - little changed bc owned by states, not federal | 37 | |
| 6400364641 | End of the Rides | - SNCC took over Freedom Rides - RFK ordered drivers back on the job: demanded state protection, petitioned ICC for help - hundreds arrested all over the South - never making it to their destinations - end of 1961, ICC integrated buses, etc | 38 | |
| 6400378545 | How did the first two movements of 60's go? | - good start, got people's attention - poll taxes, lynching, states ignoring federal law | 39 | |
| 6400386844 | Birmingham, AL | - "Bombingham" --> completely backwards, huge cities - needed major reform - usual protests were unsuccessful: arrests without attention - MLK gets arrested on purpose | 40 | |
| 6400400478 | Letter from a Birmingham Jail | - response to southern white priests ripping him apart - what? gives perspective, explains need, wake up call - why? stresses morals, MLK is fed up after 100, he's in jail = everything that's wrong with race relations | 41 | |
| 6400408575 | Project C | - in Birmingham, AL - MLK got kids to march - Bull Connor arrested 2000 children --> used fire hoses and police dogs - TV cameras recorded the violence and broadcasted them internationally - dark / brilliant - george wallace was a jerk | 42 | |
| 6400422572 | George Wallace | - literally the most racist political person ever - calls asians/ africans inferior to americans - shouldn't let their opinion matter | 43 | |
| 6400432577 | rights included with Civil Rights | voting, right to peaceful protest, employment opportunities, education, free religion, end housing discrimination, fair trial, equal protection, marriage, integration, lynching | 44 | |
| 6400436838 | JFK's address on Civil Rights | - purpose: showing his support for civil rights and equality among all americans - point of view: liberal, pro civil rights - intended audience: whites who are neutral towards issue - historical context: in the middle of Civil Rights movement, Birmingham just happened | 45 | |
| 6499984500 | JFK's Civil Rights Actions | - Thurgood Marshall - Civil Rights Bill | 46 | |
| 6400448624 | Thurgood Marshall | - US court of Appeals by JFK - Supreme Court Justice by LBJ | 47 | |
| 6499992155 | JFK's civil rights bill | - drafted civil rights act - denied by congress bc democrats were mostly southern - never lived to see it pass | 48 | |
| 6400453088 | March on Washington | - leaders of the major civil rights groups speak to a crowd of 200,000+ people @ national mall - marched to lincoln memorial (symbolic) - "I have a dream" by MLK = promissory note --> wants gov't to fulfill their promise and give blacks their rights - JFK killed 3 months after speech | 49 | |
| 6500005135 | A. Philip Randolph | - OG proposer of the March on Washington during FDR's administration (double v campaign) - led this march on washington | 50 | |
| 6400462227 | What makes LBJ beneficial to Civil Rights? | - very liberal - more legislative and talks old friends of the congress into voting - has experience - most ppl can't stop it from happening | 51 | |
| 6500013599 | LBJ's Civil Rights actions | - civil rights act of 1964 - voting rights act of 1965 - Kerner commission - affirmative action | 52 | |
| 6400470076 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | - banned discrimination in all public accommodations and public facilities: every business = public and federally owned thing - attorney general has power to file the suits to desegregate schools - EEOC --> bans employment and discrimination: race, sex, color, religion, national origin. tricky to enforce bc you can lie | 53 | |
| 6400478272 | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | - banned literacy tests and other abridgements in voting - areas with history of violations must report voting requirements changes - federal gov't can send in examiners to observe voting - caused by selma march | 54 | |
| 6500028625 | Kerner Commission | - AKA National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders | 55 | |
| 6500036846 | Affirmative Action | - cities set aside a percentage of building contracts for minority businesses - industries adopted hiring goals and recruiting programs - colleges reserved slots for minority applicants | 56 | |
| 6400486074 | Malcolm Little | - troubled teen - arrested and jailed for seven years - while in jail, learned about the Nation of Islam: based in Detroit, becomes Malcolm X | 57 | |
| 6400489169 | Nation of Islam | - led by Elijah Muhammad - stressed rise of an Allah created, black only, nation: self respect, rejected integration - Malcolm X becomes more popular and militant than Elijah Muhammad --> forced out of NOI | 58 | |
| 6400498462 | Malcolm X | - went to Mecca (islamic holy city in saudi arabia) - realized hatred of whites was wrong - returned to US, started own organization - assassinated in 1965 by three members of NOI | 59 | |
| 6400501935 | Alternative Ideas | Malcolm X popularized alternative approaches to gain equality | 60 | |
| 6400507722 | why did alternative groups pop up in the late 1960s? | - media: one event triggered another - gov't is on their side - not happening fast enough with peaceful protests -> try violent - people are frustrated | 61 | |
| 6500053070 | Black Power | - created by Stokely Carmichael who took over SNCC from white leaders - solidarity between people and the movement - joined black people together under a common slogan to fight for their rights | 62 | |
| 6500068115 | Black Panther Party for Self-Defense | - founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California - patrolled areas with visible firearms to discourage police brutality - free breakfast for children, issued a newspaper, trained recruits with guns and law books - good ideas, bad execution | 63 | |
| 6500090150 | Race Riots | - whites controlled businesses and made up police forces, systemic oppression was not being fixed - riots in NY, Newark, Detroit, LA | 64 | |
| 6400514598 | MLK assassination | - predicts own death during Mountaintop Speech - MLK killed next morning in Memphis, TN 1963 at age 39 - assassin: James Earl Ray, escaped convict | 65 | |
| 6400536283 | pros and cons of Great Society | good: helps make people's lives better, higher standard of living bad: too reliant --> lazy, comfortable to be poor and expensive | 66 | |
| 6486621961 | The Great Society | - civil rights act, voting rights act, immigration act of 1965, war on poverty, The Other America - modeled after FDR - wanted to be the next great domestic policy prez | 67 | |
| 6486630041 | The Other America | - book by Michael Harrington showed culture of poverty in US | 68 | |
| 6486636745 | Critics of the Great Society | - William F. Buckley - Young Americans for Freedom - Phyllis Schlafly (The Phyllis Schlafly Report attacked feminism) - all agreed that programs were too expensive and made people dependent on gov't | 69 | |
| 6400540265 | War on Poverty | - raised minimum wage - trained poor for better jobs - 1964 Manpower Development and Training Act and Economic Opportunity Act --> Jobs Corps and Model cities Act - department of housing and urban development - medicare - medicaid - head start | 70 | |
| 6400549280 | Head Start | - helped 560,000 kids - provided preschool classes, medical and dental care, and mental health services - all for ppl in low income homes - helped close the gap between rich and poor children for when they reached school age | 71 | |
| 6400568055 | Medicaid Act of 1968 | paid for med expenses for the poor | 72 | |
| 6400568747 | Medicare | - 1965 - extended medical insurance to older americans under social security system | 73 | |
| 6400570590 | Immigration Act of 1965 | - eased immigration quotas - allowed family members and political refugees into america - opened up first big wave of immigration since 1924 | 74 | |
| 6499917263 | The Warren Court | - Miranda v Arizona - Engel v Vitale - Katzenbach v Morgan - Loving v Virginia - Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Ed | 75 | |
| 6499927106 | Miranda v Arizona | - police must inform suspect of their miranda rights - comes from 5th and 6th amendments | 76 | |
| 6499933566 | Engel v Vitale | requiring children to recite prayer in public schools violates separation of church and state | 77 | |
| 6499939452 | Katzenbach v Morgan | Upheld federal legislation banning literacy tests to vote | 78 | |
| 6499945448 | Loving v Virginia | allowed interracial marriage | 79 | |
| 6499949241 | Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Ed | upheld forced busing laws | 80 | |
| 6406455831 | Ole Miss Integration | - 1962 - James Meredith was first black at college - JFK sent in 5000 feds | 81 | |
| 6406463257 | Evers Murder | - MS NAACP field secretary, 37 yr old Medgar Evers murdered outside home - killer not convicted until 30 years later | 82 | |
| 6486592322 | Laos | - war between American forces and Pathet Laos communist rebels - JFK agreed to restore neutralist gov't in 1962 --> communist forces remain dominant in countryside | 83 | |
| 6499839654 | New Frontier | - JFK's domestic policy - more defense spending, nuclear weapons - Established: Special Forces = Green Berets for guerilla warfare and Peace Corps = 1951 - race to the moon - sparked environmental concerns | 84 | |
| 6500129094 | Ho Chi Min | - paris peace conference: appealed to Woodrow Wilson to support self rule --> didn't work bc they were a french colony - originally Nguyen That Thanh --> went to france and joined communist party, changed his name - organized Viet Minh to fight for self rule to fight japanese (beat them!!!) - made vietnamese declaration for independence --> France still reclaimed them in 1946 | 85 | |
| 6500154750 | Franco-Vietnamese War | - french forces surrendered 1954 and evacuated all troops - Geneva Peace Accords - Southern lead Ngo Dinh Ciem did not allow free elections to occur..... causing problems | 86 | |
| 6500162798 | Geneva Peace Accords | - Geneva Conference - vietnam split at 17th parallel - can rejoin in 2 years by holding free elections | 87 | |
| 6500168424 | President Ngo Dinh Diem | - leader of southern vietnam - not popular. terrible, actually. and US had to support him bc we set him up there - very corrupt - didn't compare to the GW of vietnam: Ho Chi Minh - Catholic in 95.5% Buddhist country - JFK approved his overthrow (assassination) --> he and his brother killed | 88 | |
| 6500183341 | Gulf of Tonkin Incident | - 1964 - USS MAddox off the coast of North Vietnam, there for surveillance - reported that 3 North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked them --> 1 bullet hole, no body died - a few days later sonar showed many incoming ships --> fired but couldn't see the enemy!!! | 89 | |
| 6500198891 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | - gave the president nearly complete control to protect south vietnamese freedom and protect american troops | 90 | |
| 6500203551 | threats to soldiers in vietnam | - extreme heat and humidity - monsoon seanons - thick jungles - few cities, some villages, and few major roads - poisonous snakes and insects - snipers, land mines and booby traps - tunnels - Ho Chi Minh Trail | 91 | |
| 6500212578 | Ho Chi Minh Trail | - dirt path that ran along Cambodia and Laos border - used by NVA to surprise attack US soldiers in south | 92 | |
| 6500216852 | American Tactics | - Napalm - Agent Orange - Operation Rolling Thunder | 93 | |
| 6500220235 | Napalm | - highly flammable sticky jelly, made of gasoline with special soaps - used in incendiary bombs and flamethrowers | 94 | |
| 6500224086 | Agent Orange | - defoliant used with forests - made it easier to spot NVA and Viet Cong - led to horrible birth defects and massive fatalities | 95 | |
| 6500229268 | Operation Rolling Thunder | - heavy bombing of NV from 1965-68 - 800 tons of bombs dropped per day --> 3x WWII - created 4 million refugees | 96 | |
| 6500235722 | Tet Offensive 1968 | - a ceasefire during tet, the vietnamese new year - north vietnam broke the ceasefire and attacked South Vietnam --> wanted to cause a popular uprising, invaded over 100 cities and towns, and invaded Saigon and broke down walls of US embassy - US drove out NVA in a months long battle - turning point of the vietnam war | 97 | |
| 6500391381 | Why was the Tet offensive the turning point in the war? | - US was tactical winner - however, showed how powerful NVA could be | 98 | |
| 6500394508 | My Lai Massacre | - Lt. William Calley and his platoon were ordered to conduct a search and destroy mission in the village of my Lai --> believed over 100 Viet Cong rebels were hidden there - soliders arrived and found 300-500 women, children and old men - soldiers open fired at all villagers - not a single military age male found alive in village | 99 | |
| 6500405765 | Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) | - 1960-69 - college led student org - led nationally by Tom Hayden: published Port Huron Statement to establish mission --> idealistic, wanted to change gov'ts values into their vision | 100 | |
| 6500416077 | Berkeley Free Speech Movement | - 1964-65 - UC Berkeley banned political activities on campus - grad student at CORE table arrested--> 3000 students surrounded police car and was stuck there for 32 hours - Decemver 4th --> 1500 and 4000 students went into the adminstration building and staged a sit in - police then arrested 800 students, stuff like that - Uni backed down by january: established provisional rules for political activity, designated Sproul Hall as an open discussion area | 101 | |
| 6500438083 | Anti - Vietnam Protests | - wanted withdrawal from vietnam --> publicly burned draft cards, felt draft was unfair for black and poor men bc of their disadvantages - two sides: "Hawkes" for total victory and "Doves" for negotiation - "hell no, we won't go!" - "hey, hey, LBJ, how many kids did you kill today?" | 102 | |
| 6500459543 | Kent State Massacre | -1970 - Kent State Uni, Ohio - student protest agaisnt vietnam --> burning of ROTC building - national guard called to defend campus --> tear gas, threw rocks, open fired. 67 shots, killed 4 and wounded 9 - 10 days later Jackson State College (MS) open fired and killed 2, wounded 12 | 103 | |
| 6500476922 | The Right vs the Left | - new right found little support and had weak leaders --> barry goldwater - new left: young liberals who praised MLK, JFK, and LBJ. looked to make change in society - solidified groupi activists and educaters against vietnam - wanted reforms. NOT COMMUNISTS --> hippie and college campus movements | 104 | |
| 6500501595 | The Pentagon Papers | - US department of Defense study of US involvement in Vietnam from '45 - '67 - leaked by NYT thru Daniel Ellsberg | 105 | |
| 6500512029 | Topics from pentagon papers | - us expanded war w bombing cambodia and laos (not released to media) - truman, ike, jfk and lbj mislef public w their intentions - motives for staying in vietnam (pride, communism, freedom, etc. mostly selfish. not to help friend) | 106 | |
| 6500524059 | Roots of counterculture | - coined by historian Theodore Roszak - baby boomers rejected conformity and employment - wanted to by 'hip' --> hippies - center of movement: Haight Ashbury District in SF - Summer of love - communes | 107 | |
| 6500533999 | Summer of Love | - 1967 - hippies became national phenomenon - youths gathered in every major city for their practices | 108 | |
| 6500538868 | Communes | - rejected capitalism - lived where they could share instead of working for money | 109 | |
| 6500545833 | Drug Culture | - marijuana spread - 'if it feels good, do it' - escaped political climate - LSD distorted time and sensations - contributed to accidental deaths - survivors experience flashbacks | 110 | |
| 6500550281 | Sexual Revolution | - Feminine Mystique, birth control , IUDs - premartial sex became more common - roe v wade - STDs tho | 111 | |
| 6500560987 | Psychedelic Rock | - from R&B and rock 'n roll - long solos, nonsensical lyrics, new sounds and instruments - woodstock | 112 | |
| 6500566499 | Bands of Psychedelic Rock | - beatles - grateful dead - rolling stones - pink floyd | 113 | |
| 6500574520 | Woodstock | - 400,000 ppl in catskill mts - pinnacle of hippie movement - wanted to cause real change w peace - grateful dead, the who, jimi hendrix, etc | 114 | |
| 6500582201 | end of hippie movement | - criticism of hippies as communists - didn't wanna join cults - end of vietnam war - graduating from college | 115 | |
| 6500588617 | LBJ's approval ratings | - fell after tet offensive - didn't wanna seek re election, bc war was politicized - lbj = vietnam | 116 | |
| 6500597187 | election 1968 | - Democrats: RFK until he was assassinated. then Vice prez hubert humphrey - Republicans: Richard Nixon - george wallace --> third party. white supremacists and segregationalists | 117 | |
| 6500609795 | Democratic National Convention (DNC) | - chicago 1968 - vietnam causing party to implode - 10000 anti war protestors from 'yippies' - mayor richard daley ordered 23000 national guard police to attack liberal group - on. live. tv | 118 | |
| 6500622111 | Nixon's secret plan | - vietnamization - increase SV, decrease US - meant to win. didn't really work | 119 | |
| 6500630000 | Nixon Doctrine | countries facing communism would get support from US but would have to fight their own battles | 120 | |
| 6500636547 | Paris Peace Accords | - 1973 - small group of US embassy all that's left - NV and SV divided at 17 - US defends SV if NV tries anything | 121 | |
| 6500642366 | President Ford | - did nothing when NV invaded SV - ppl fled to nearby US aircraft carrier. not enough room | 122 | |
| 6500647892 | death total | - SV surrendered on April 30th, 1975 - first US military loss. ever - 58,220 US soldier dies in vietnam | 123 | |
| 6500653135 | Family Assistance Plan | - FAP - guarunteed min income for all americans - died in senat | 124 | |
| 6500658187 | odganization of petroleum exporting countries | - OPEC - group of third world nations joined to set production levels and prices - launched embargo to raise price of crude oil, causing inflation | 125 | |
| 6500663395 | Huston Plan | - CIA and FBI illegally wiretap and break into anti wat organizations - gather and plant evidence - blocked by J. Edgar Hoover | 126 | |
| 6500668651 | 'the plumbers' | - nixon's own unit to discredit his opposition, ensure executive security - headed by G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt - targeted daniel ellsberg, pentagon papers leaker | 127 |