AP US History Chapter 18 Review Flashcards

8854601677	Plessy v. Ferguson	An 1896 Supreme Court case that ruled that "separate but equal" facilities were permissible according to the 14th amendment.	0
8854601678	Young Men's Christian Association	Introduced in Boston in 1851, this organization promoted muscular Christianity, combining evangelism with athletic facilities.	1
8854601679	Negro Leagues	All-African American professional baseball teams where black men could showcase athletic ability and race pride.	2
8854601680	Sierra Club	An organization founded in 1892, dedicated to preserving and enjoying America's great mountains and wilderness environments.	3
8854601681	National Park Service	A federal agency founded in 1916 that provided comprehensive oversight of the growing system of national parks.	4
8854601682	National Audubon Society	Named in honor of antebellum naturalist John James Audubon, a national organization formed in 1901 that advocated for broader government protections for wildlife.	5
8854601683	Comstock Act	An 1873 law that prohibited circulation of "obscene literature" defined as including most information about sex and birth control.	6
8854601684	liberal arts	A form of education pioneered by President Charles W. Eliot at Harvard University, whereby students chose from a range of electives, shaping their own curricula as they developed skills in research, critical thinking, and leadership.	7
8854601685	Atlanta Compromise	An 1895 address to the Cotton States Exposition by Booker T. Washington that urged whites and African Americans to work together for the progress of all.	8
8854601686	Maternalism	The belief that women should contribute to civic and political life through their special talents as mothers, Christians, and moral guides. Maternalists put this ideology into action by creating dozens of social reform organizations.	9
8854601687	Women's Christian Temperance Union	An organization advocating the prohibition of liquor.	10
8854601688	National Association of Colored Women	An organization that arranged for the care of orphans, found homes for the elderly, advocated temperance and undertook public health campaigns.	11
8854601689	National American Woman Suffrage Association	Pro-suffrage organization formed by the joining of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association.	12
8854601690	feminism	The ideology that women should enter the public sphere not only to work on behalf of others, but also for their own equal rights and advancements.	13
8854601691	natural selection	Charles Darwin's theory that the features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations.	14
8854601692	Social Darwinism	An idea based on the theory of Herbert Spencer that human society advanced through competition and "the survival of the fittest".	15
8854601693	eugenics	An emerging "science" of human breeding in the late 19th century that argued that mentally deficient people should be prevented from reproducing.	16
8854601694	realism	A movement that called for writers and artists to picture daily life in the most precise and exact manner possible	17
8854601695	naturalism	A literary movement that suggested that human beings were not so much rational agents and shapers of their own destinies, but blind victims of forces beyond their control.	18
8854601696	modernism	A movement that questioned the ideals of progress and order, rejected realism, and emphasized new cultural norms, the first great literary and artistic movement of the 20th century.	19
8854601697	American Protective Association	A powerful political organization of militant Protestants, which for a brief period in the 1890s counted more than two million members. In its virulent anti-Catholicism and calls for restrictions on immigrants, it prefigured the revived Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s.	20
8854601698	Social Gospel	A movement to renew religious faith through dedication to public welfare and social justice, reforming both society and self through Christian service.	21
8854601699	fundamentalism	A term adopted by Protestants who rejected modernism and historical interpretations of scripture and asserted the literal truth of the Bible.	22