unit 7 AP US history Flashcards
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| 6607635717 | communism | - far left, future focused, people centered - all goods collectively owned and equal distributed to ppl - goal: no gov't - solves economic problems | 0 | |
| 6607637568 | facism | - far right, past focused, nation centered - each person must put nation before themselves - leader is considered embodiment of nation - goal: restore past glory and economic prosperity to nation | 1 | |
| 6607641026 | Pre WWII: Italy | - Benito Mussolini, fascist - began expanding to libya, ethiopia, somalia in 1930s and mediterranean sea | 2 | |
| 6607644941 | Pre WWII: Japan | - Emperor Hirohito, Hideki Tojo - monarchy - invaded manchuria to gain resources - dominated most of pacific islands - wanted to reduce import (bc it's an island) | 3 | |
| 6607650017 | Pre WWII: Germany | - Adolf Hitler, fascist - blamed minorities for loss of WWI and established Nuremberg Laws - broke treaty of versailles (built army w U-boats, rhineland, helped spain win spanish civil war, annexed austria, annexed sudetenland - appeasement: neville chamberlain (PM GB, hated) told hitler to stop, but could keep what he had as long as he didn't invade anywhere else | 4 | |
| 6607663471 | Good Neighbor Policy | - put in effect by FDR in 1930s - repudiated monroe doctrine and roosevelt corollary - withdrew troops from haiti and dominican republic, conceded mexico's oil - turned away St. Louis which had jews (all died) | 5 | |
| 6607668415 | the platt amendment | - made cuba territory of US in 1901 - FDR renounced it - made Fulgencio Batista new dictator bc he's loyal to US | 6 | |
| 6607672572 | Reasons for isolationism | - internal issues (great depression) - avoid conflicts not on our continent - WWI was a mistake | 7 | |
| 6607675649 | neutrality acts | - 1935: embargo on trading arms and war materials w nations at war. US citizens on warring ships at their own risk - 1936: renewed 1935 and forbade loans/credits to warring nations - 1937: extended others to civil wars, no more traveling to warring nations, "cash and carry" we could trade as long as they paid immediately. - 1939: renewed 'cash and carry'. 1936 and 1937 repealed. no citizen enters designated war zones | 8 | |
| 6607684005 | the axis powers | - germany, italy and japan - by 1940 all of mainland europe conquered | 9 | |
| 6607685514 | the allies | - britain (winston churchill PM, heavily bombed by germany) - France: conquered 1939 | 10 | |
| 6607688574 | Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939) | - germany and USSR would not invade each other, would split poland in half - britain and france then declared war on germany - hitler broke the pact in 1941 (wanted world domination, europe was done, hated USSR anyways, they had a lot of jews) | 11 | |
| 6607692798 | Bases for Destroyers | - churchill and FDR exchanged british naval bases for US destroyers 1941 | 12 | |
| 6607694376 | FDR's 4 freedoms | - 1941 state of the union - every human has the right to: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear | 13 | |
| 6607696854 | Lend-Lease Act | - gave FDR authority to direct material aid (ammo, tanks, food, etc) to allies for later payment | 14 | |
| 6607698821 | selective service and training act | - first peacetime draft - increase in spending and rearmament | 15 | |
| 6607700401 | atlantic charter | - FDR and churchill met up on coast of newfoundland 1941 - condemned international aggression - affirmed national self-determination - agreed on free trade disarmament, collective security | 16 | |
| 6607704314 | sinking of Reuben James | - german U-boats killed 115 american soldiers | 17 | |
| 6607706582 | america first | - anti-intervention society - led by charles lindbergh and henry ford - very popular til Pearl Harbor, disbanded in 48 hours | 18 | |
| 6607708079 | 1936 olympics | - jesse owens won 4 gold medals and broke world records - joe louis ko'ed german in boxing | 19 | |
| 6607713398 | Pearl Harbor | - december 7, 1941 - killed 2,403 americans, injured 1000 - sank/damaged every navy ship in pacific - forced US into WWII | 20 | |
| 6607716010 | why did Japan do pearl harbor | - thought US would repeat WWI - US against aggression towards china - US was supporting allies - US issued embargo against japanese for exports of oil and steal - froze japanese stocks and bank accounts | 21 | |
| 6607748791 | mobilization | - funds (revenue act 1942, keynesian economics) - war powers act - office of price administration (mandatory rationing) - 24/7 production of war necessities - armed forces and war industries/factories - propaganda - collected scrap metal, aluminum and rubber for army - office of strategic services (OSS, spy, pre CIA) - science | 22 | |
| 6607756904 | War Powers Act | - gave prez authority over all actions of war - war production board - national war labor board - war manpower commision - smith-connally war labor disputes act | 23 | |
| 6607760285 | production of war necessities | - 33% of economy was war production by 1942 - banned car production --> tanks, planes, boats, submarines - prefabrication (cut time of making ships) - cost plus contracts (gov't guaranteed buyer) - food and war bonds | 24 | |
| 6607764850 | war industries/factories | - 17 million armed forces jobs created, 15 million men enter draft - farmer became profitable or joined factories/army - 19 million women entered factory jobs, became 1/3 of work force - 'rosie the riveter' - industrial capacity increased 40% in sun belt | 25 | |
| 6607769532 | propaganda | - office of censorship - hollywood promoted war bonds and donating - newsreels in movie theaters showed horrors of enemies - FDR had weekly radio show - gov't printing office published armed services editions of books | 26 | |
| 6607776597 | science | - office of scientific research and development (OSRD) - new computers (IBM's Mark 1 and ENIAC) - medical care | 27 | |
| 6607778800 | casablanca | - 1943 conference - FDR and Churchill in Morocco - attack italy before france - reduce soviet mistrust bc of second front misunderstanding - fight till 'unconditional surrender' of axis | 28 | |
| 6607782154 | cairo | - 1943 conference - churchill, chiang kai-shek, FDR - return manchuria and taiwan to china - free korea | 29 | |
| 6607783901 | tehran | - 1943 conference - stalin, churchill, FDR - set invasions for france - agreed to divide germany into zones of occupation - stalin pledged to enter war against japan after hitler's defeat | 30 | |
| 6607786888 | battle of stalingrad | - turning point of war - soviets stopped nazis advance, they retreated - huge losses suffered both sides - russian war machines restarted | 31 | |
| 6607788883 | america's strategy | - defeat germany, then japan - germany = more immediate threat to democracy and allies (british trapped, soviets invaded, china not our best friend) - wanted to take over north africa and italy (operation torch), then open france and take germany | 32 | |
| 6607793653 | general Dwight D Eisenhower | - 'ike' - named supreme allied commander over all forces | 33 | |
| 6607794567 | D-Day | - june 6th, 1944 - largest naval invasion in history - had to get over Hitler's Atlantic Wall (took over 12 hours, but we did it!!) | 34 | |
| 6607800425 | why d-day? | - didn't want communists to take all of europe - stalin was bad for human rights (it's up to us) - saved france from nazis - created 3 front war, surrounding nazis | 35 | |
| 6607803918 | 3 fronts | - east: US and GB from D-Day - north: US from operation torch - west: Soviets from stalingrad | 36 | |
| 6607807086 | battle of the bulge | - december 1944-january 1945 - border of france, luxemburg, and belgium - germany's last effort - tres cold, couldn't light fire - allied victory: clear path into germany | 37 | |
| 6607811707 | yalta conference | - the big three: FDR, Churchill and Stalin - decided post VE: soviets enter pacific war in 3 months, 'declaration of liberated europe', germany and berlin became peacekeeping zones, world peace organization created | 38 | |
| 6607815390 | battle of berlin | - americans and soviets closed in - US gave berlin and hitler to soviets (didn't need it) - hitler and associates killed themselves - May 8, 1945 = VE day | 39 | |
| 6607821334 | the holocaust | - 6 million jews murdered, 5 million other minorities murdered - concentration camps (extermination camps located not in germany) - 'genocide' invented | 40 | |
| 6607824392 | America and the Holocaust | - US knew when soviets found Auschwitz, but we didn't believe them - US began finding concentration camps in germany - war refugee board, 1944 used negotiations and funding to rescue ppl from imminent death | 41 | |
| 6607827767 | WWII's impact on minorites | - more integration, especially natives and latinos in military - country more unified - everyone had to help each other in war effort, so couldn't waste time fighting each other | 42 | |
| 6607864999 | japanese internment during WWII | - executive order 9066 (1941): allowed creation of military zones in US, made west coast a war zone - set up the war relocation Authority (removed 120,000 japanese to 10 internment camps, FDR claimed it was for their own safety) - clear that pearl harbor had changed US - asian relations (japanese bad, chinese better) | 43 | |
| 6607871750 | life in internment camps | - looked similar to concentration camps - camps were surrounded by barbed wire to keep them in - kept for 4 years - housed looted when they returned | 44 | |
| 6607874942 | korematsu v US | - protested incarceration of Japanese-Americans - korematsu lost the case - supreme court wouldn't make decision based on wartime action bc of military necessity - cont'd security over rights | 45 | |
| 6607878863 | island hopping | - going from island to island and conquering those before going to japanese home islands - general MacArthur --> army - Admiral Nimitz --> Navy - allowed forces to ease into war - avoided mass casualties | 46 | |
| 6607887896 | conditions in pacific | - every day like d-day - atlantic wall on every island - disease - natural hazards | 47 | |
| 6607889141 | midway island | - stopped japanese advance | 48 | |
| 6607890667 | guadalcanal | - first island invasion | 49 | |
| 6607891417 | iwo jima | - japanese hollowed out mount suribachi - US conquered their first japanese home island | 50 | |
| 6607892571 | potsdam conference (1945) | - new big three (Harry S Truman, Clement Attlee, Joseph Stalin) - cont'd yalta discussions - discussed nuremburg war crimes trials - truman told churchill abt atomic bomb (stalin already knew but truman didn't know that) - truman told japan to surrender or else 'utter destruction' - japan did not surrender | 51 | |
| 6607898344 | the atomic bombs | - manhattan project finished 1945 (figured out how to split atom) - tested bomb NM - US is the only country to use bomb on humans - japanese surrender: September 2, 1945 | 52 | |
| 6607905393 | hiroshima | - august 6, 1845 - 70,000 instant killed - 70,000 by end of year | 53 | |
| 6607906772 | nagasaki | - august 9, 1945 - 40,000 instantly killed - 40,000 by end of years | 54 |