AP US History ~ Unit 9 Flashcards
Button up for chapters 30-32
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 9262353016 | Red Scare | - US turns inwards; propaganda influence - Denounce radicals (reds): Bolsheviks/communists, socialists, anarchists - Labor problems blamed on reds | 0 | |
| 9262353017 | KKK | - "Bible Belt" - more like 1850's nativism as opposed to anti-black movement of the 1860's - anti: foreigners, Catholic, black, Jewish, pacifist, Communist, evolutionist, etc. - pro: Anglo-Saxon, protestant, "native" American | 1 | |
| 9262353018 | Emergency Quota Act | - 1921 - 3% of immigrants using 1910 census | 2 | |
| 9262353019 | Immigration Act of 1924 | - National Origins Act - 2% of immigrants using 1890 census - completely restricts Japanese | 3 | |
| 9262353020 | 18th Amendment | - 1919 - prohibits sale, manufacturing, transport, and import/export of alcohol | 4 | |
| 9262353021 | Volstead Act | - National Prohibition Act - 1919/1920 - enforces the 18th Amendment | 5 | |
| 9262353022 | 21st Amendment | - 1933 - repeals the 18th Amendment - ratified by 3/4 state conventions | 6 | |
| 9262353023 | Scopes Trial | - 1925 - "Monkey Trial" - TN...Bible Belt - Fundamentalism/creationism v. Evolution - William Jennings Bryan v. John T. Scopes/Charles Darrow - WJB wins but ridicule cast on creationists | 7 | |
| 9262353024 | Jazz Age | - 1920's - solos and freedom - Cotton Club - Louis Armstrong | 8 | |
| 9262353025 | Harlem Renaissance | - flowering of African American arts (actors, artists, musicians, and writers) - Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston - Marcus Garvey and the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA): black separatists, economic self sufficiency, back to Africa, pride | 9 | |
| 9262353026 | Literature in the Jazz Age | - "The Lost Generation" - Literature of Alienation - scorned religion and sacrifice of wartime - F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, Ezra Pound, TS Eliott, Eugene O'Neil | 10 | |
| 9262353027 | Women in the Jazz Age | - "flappers": bobbed hair, alcohol, smoking, risque - Margaret Sanger: birth control | 11 | |
| 9262353028 | Charles Lindbergh | - "Lucky Lindy" - 1927 - flies from NY to Paris by himself - world figuratively shrinks | 12 | |
| 9262353029 | Henry Ford | - The Automobile - Ford Motor Company (1903) - Assembly Line (1913): bring work to worker - Model T (1908) | 13 | |
| 9262353030 | Mass Consumption Economy | - Prosperity - Consumption - Advertising - Credit - Implications | 14 | |
| 9262353031 | Election of 1920 | - Warren G. Harding - Republican - "Return to normalcy" | 15 | |
| 9262353032 | Harding's Cabinet | - Good: Herbert Hoover (commerce), Andrew Mellon (treasury), Charles Evan Hughes (state) - Bad: Albert Fall (interior), Henry Daugherty (Attorney General), Charles Forbes (Veterans' Bureau) | 16 | |
| 9262353033 | Harding's Domestic Policy | - pro laissez faire - Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923) - Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922): raises | 17 | |
| 9262353034 | Forbes Scandal | - 1923 - Vet. Bureau skimmed $200 million from gov't | 18 | |
| 9262353035 | Daugherty Scandal | - 1924 - selling liquor permits and pardons | 19 | |
| 9262353036 | Teapot-Dome Scandal | - Teapot Dome (WY) and Elk Hills (CA) - 1921-1923 - Naval Oil Reserves leased for $400,000 | 20 | |
| 9262353037 | Harding's Foreign Policy | - Washington Disarmament Conference (1921-1922) - Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) | 21 | |
| 9262467481 | Coolidge's Rise to Presidency | - 1923 - not linked to scandals during Harding administration | 22 | |
| 9262467482 | Coolidge's Beliefs and Policy | - pro laissez-faire - "The business of America is business" | 23 | |
| 9262467483 | Coolidge's Foreign Policy | - Dawes Plan (1924): what if America's economy dries up?? | 24 | |
| 9262467484 | Election of 1924 | - conservative over liberal because country wanted Coolidge to remain in office | 25 | |
| 9262467485 | Election of 1928 | - Herbert Hoover (Republican) - Alfred Smith (Democrat) - HH wins 21.4/15.0 and 444/87 | 26 | |
| 9262467486 | Economic Situation during the Late 1920's | - uneven distribution of wealth (5% of pop has 30% of $) - Bull-Market Speculation (as opposed to bear market) - buying on margin - overproduction | 27 | |
| 9262467487 | Stock Market Crash | - 1929 - 10% of country owned stock - buying on margin (10% down, 90% borrow) - October 24 (Black Thursday) and October 29 (Black Tuesday): panic selling (30 million stocks are sold) - artificial inflation (stock watering) - savings evaporate - banks fail - first visible sign of Depression (did not cause depression) | 28 | |
| 9262467488 | The Great Depression | - 1929-1941 - prolonged period of high unemployment, low prices, and business failures that are widespread | 29 | |
| 9262467489 | Causes of the Great Depression | - overproduction and under-compensation (over-saturation) - blue collar wages drop - wealth in the hands of few (5% have 30%) - over-expansion of credit (own things without paying) - monetary policy (inelastic/elastic money supply) - stock market unregulated/uncontrolled (buying on margin) - Banks playing market, not securing funds - Hawley Smoot Tariff (60%) | 30 | |
| 9262467490 | Effects of the Great Depression | - unemployment (25% of 12 million) (1933) - wages slashed - banks collapse (9000) (1933) - farms and homes lost (Hoovervilles) - breadlines, soup kitchens, apple selling (humanitarianism) - lower birth rate - less consumption | 31 | |
| 9262467491 | Hoover's Reaction to Great Depression | - no gov't handouts - "trickle down" - public works projects (Hoover Dam) ($2.25 billion) | 32 | |
| 9286297536 | Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) | - 1932 - gov't lending agency ($500 million) - provides indirect relief - too little too late, but opens door for New Deal | 33 | |
| 9262467492 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) | - NY Senator, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, VP Candidate, Governor of NY - educated at Harvard, polio (paralyzed from waist-down), married to Eleanor Roosevelt - "forgotten man": money is dispensable but not humanity | 34 | |
| 9262467493 | Election of 1932 | - FDR (Democrat): promises a "new deal" (sweeping economic and social reform) - HH (Republican): bleak outlook ("could have been worse") - FDR wins 472/59 and 22.8/15.7 | 35 | |
| 9262467494 | Fireside Chats | - FDR speaks to Americans over the radio once a week - positive effect | 36 | |
| 9262467495 | Eleanor Roosevelt | - America's most active first lady - battled for the oppressed, the dispossessed, and the impoverished | 37 | |
| 9262467496 | FDR's Bank Holiday | - closes every bank in America - federal inspectors visit each one and only re-open them if they believe the bank is stable | 38 | |
| 9262467497 | The New Deal | - Relief: must come first, relieve all Americans in economic distress and relieve human suffering - Recovery: spur economy, get USA out of depression - Reform: prevent another severe depression by correcting current causes - Short term: immediate relief and recovery within 2 years - Long term: permanent reform of causes and abuses | 39 | |
| 9262467498 | Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | - 1933 - provide employment for ~3 million men - must be 18-25 - provided shelter, food, and clothes - $30/month ($25 must be sent home) - reforestation and conservation | 40 | |
| 9262467499 | Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) | - 1933 - Harvey Hopkins - $3 billion to states for relief checks and projects | 41 | |
| 9262467500 | Works Progress Administration (WPA) | - 1935 - provides employment for 9 million people - Harry Hopkins - $11 billion towards blue and white collar work | 42 | |
| 9262467501 | Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) | - 1st and 2nd - 1933/1938 - raise prices and surpluses using "soil bank" and "parity" - artificial scarcity - processing tax (unconstitutional) - prices raise, unemployment rises | 43 | |
| 9262467502 | National Recovery Administration (NRA) | - 1933 - stimulate economy by aiding industry, labor, and the unemployed - Hugh Johnson - blue eagle: "we do our part" - fair competition codes - collective bargaining allowed and "yellow dog" contracts struck down - ruled unconstitutional in 1935 in Schechter "sick chicken" case (congress cannot delegate legislative power to the president) | 44 | |
| 9262467503 | Public Works Administration (PWA) | - 1933 - employment and business activity - Harold Ickes (Sec of Interior) - construction of roads, bridges, dams, etc. | 45 | |
| 9262467504 | Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | - 1933 - Senator George Norris (NE) - price gauging in Tennessee Valley - puts people to work and creates independent public corporation to reform power monopoly - Positives: full employment, low cost housing, flood control, cheap power, reforestation - Negatives: seen as socialistic | 46 | |
| 9262467505 | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | - 1933 - regain public faith and stop bank closures - federal gov't insured deposits up to $5000 - successful | 47 | |
| 9262467506 | Social Security Administration (SSA) | - 1935 - cushion future depressions for those who cannot provide for themselves - paid for by payroll tax - gov't recognizes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens | 48 | |
| 9262467507 | Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | - 1934 - "watchdog" | 49 | |
| 9262467508 | The Dust Bowl | - 1930's - NM, TX, CO, OK, KS, NE - "black blizzards" - causes: droughts, overproduction, poor farming techniques, economic situation of farmer (debt) - effects: destroys farm land, disrupts lives, poverty, migration (2.5 mil Arkies and Okies) - end: rain returns, dry farming, better seeds, better farming techniques, gov't aid | 50 | |
| 9262467509 | Critics of the New Deal | - Democrats: FDR doing too little - Republicans: FDR doing too much | 51 | |
| 9262467510 | Demagogue | - one who plays upon one's prejudices and fears for personal benefit | 52 | |
| 9262467511 | Father Charles Coughlin | - Catholic priest - anti New Deal broadcasts - anti-Semetic | 53 | |
| 9262467512 | Huey Long | - Louisiana - "The Kingfish" - "share our wealth" program - assassinated (1935) | 54 | |
| 9262467513 | Dr. Francis Townsend | - early proponent of old-age insurance | 55 | |
| 9262467514 | FDR and the Supreme Court | - SC rules New Deal legislation unconstitutional (AAA and NRA) - FDR court scheme (1937) - asks for 6 more justices for a max of 15 - Congress and American public backlash b/c they see FDR as tampering with checks and balances - SC starts ruling in favor of New Deal legislation so Roosevelt won't pursue "packing the court" | 56 | |
| 9262467515 | National Labor Relations Act | - 1935 - Wagner Act - National Labor Relations Board - enforces law - allows Unions to organize and bargain collectively | 57 | |
| 9262467516 | Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) | - 1938 - minimum wage of 40 cents/hour - max 40 hr week - excludes agricultural and domestic jobs | 58 | |
| 9262467517 | Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) | - 1938 - John L. Lewis - breaks away from AFL - all workers (skilled and unskilled) | 59 | |
| 9262467518 | Positives of the New Deal | - employment: relieve human suffering, hope and pride - change in gov't involvement: non-laissez faire - economic reforms - conservation - prevented economic system (capitalism) from failing - kept order and stability (preserve democracy) | 60 | |
| 9262501940 | Negatives of the New Deal | - expensive, debt, deficit spending - JM Keynes - Socialist: "creeping socialism" - hit and miss, confusing, overlap - bureaucratic nightmare - DID NOT PULL COUNTRY OUT OF DEPRESSION | 61 |