AP US History Period 6, 1865-1898 Flashcards

5767960418	People's (Populist) Party	Drew support from angry farmers in the West and South. Highly critical of capitalism, especially banks and railroads. Allied itself with the labor movement	0
5767960419	Assimilation	the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group.	1
5767960422	The Gilded Age	The late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. Term satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold layer covering.	2
5767960423	Social Darwinism	The idea that humans compete in a struggle for existence which results in "survival of the fittest."	3
5767960424	Gospel of Wealth	Describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.	4
5767960425	Jane Addams	a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, founded the Hull House.	5
5767960426	Plessy v. Ferguson	1896 - Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."	6
5767960430	free enterprise	An economic concept that permits unrestricted entrepreneurial business activity; capitalism.	7
5767960432	trust	A combination of corporations, usually in the same industry, in which stockholders trade their stock to a central board.	8
5767960437	socialist	One who believes in the ownership and control of the major means of production by the whole community rather than by individuals or corporations.	9
5767960439	lockout	The refusal by an employer to allow employees to work unless they agree to his or her terms.	10
5767960440	yellow dog contract	A labor agreement in which an employee must not join a union as a condition of holding the job.	11
5767960442	anarchist	One who believes that formal, coercive government is wrong in principle.	12
5767960444	tenement	A multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded.	13
5767960445	affluence	An abundance of wealth.	14
5767960448	sweatshop	A factory where employees are forced to work long hours under difficult conditions for meager wages.	15
5767960455	tycoon	A wealthy businessperson, especially one who openly displays power and position.	16
5767960456	prohibition	Forbidding by law the manufacture, sake, or consumption of liquor.	17
5767960460	reservation	Public land designated for use by Native Americans.	18
5767960479	bimetallism	The legalized concurrent use of two precious metals as currency at a fixed ratio of value.	19
5768015617	subsidy	Government payment/aid to a specific industry deemed too important to allow to fail; often in the form of cash	20
5768022939	Thomas Edison	Wizard of Menlo Park known for patenting light bulb, founding General Electric	21
5768027173	Steel	Fundamental building block of the industrial era; it was first made cheaply & easily using the Bessemer process	22
5768031888	John Rockefeller	Founder of Standard Oil and master of horizontal integration	23
5768038302	Laissez faire	Government economic policy to not intervene, to "let it be"	24
5768041955	Corporation	Business organization of which shareholders own, allowing for mass utilization of capital. Became the standard of big business....	25
5768050591	Andrew Carnegie	Founder of largest steel firm in Gilded Age; he was widely known for his philanthropy and use of vertical integration to cut costs	26
5768057514	Interstate Commerce Act	Designed to regulate railroads but failed to do so as court rulings stripped it of legitimacy	27
5768063168	Sherman Antitrust Act	Designed to negate any "restraint of free trade" but was ineffective due to vague wording, courts	28
5768072894	Knights of Labor	1st large nationwide union organizing all workers no matter skill, gender, race; union diminished after Haymarket Affair	29
5768080785	Haymarket Affair	1886 labor conflict resulting in anarchist bombs killing police	30
5768084578	American Federation of Labor	Union focused solely on economic issues, used collective bargaining to protect only skilled workers	31
5768090329	Homestead Strike	1892 labor conflict where Pinkertons were attacked by locked-out workers; government used militia to protect Carnegie's steel factory, scab workers	32
5768103159	Pullman Strike	Massive 1894 strike by railroad workers, brought commerce & transportation to standstill. Court injunctions used to force strike's end, more violence erupted.	33
5768111520	New South	Concept that would lead to industry replacing sharecropping and tenant farming to aid region's economic development; it didn't flourish until after WWII	34
5768120989	Exoduster	Southern African-American who migrated to West to start new life, farm, avoid persecution	35
5768126141	Political machine	Organization often using corruption, fraud to maintain control usually at the city but also the state level. Tammany Hall was most infamous example.	36
5768137876	Cattle ranching boom	Made possible by construction of transcontinental railroads and mass urbanization need for food; long drive to cow towns key to system	37
5768145380	Dawes Act	Attempt to assimilate Native Americans on reservations by dividing lands into individual farm plots--failed miserably	38
5768154284	Social Gospel	Concept of "applied Christianity" to aid those in need--poor, urban immigrants; basis for settlement houses, other private charities of Gilded Age	39
5768162294	Pendleton Act	1883 law reserving numerous government positions to those who demonstrated qualifications, merit; this effectively brought an end to the spoils/patronage system	40
5768170184	Jim Crow	System of laws segregating the races in all social realms; these were passed throughout the nation but were more prevalent and codified in the South	41