AP US History Chapter 14 Flashcards

5395203465	Self-Reliance	Ralph Waldo Emerson lecture-essay talks about how frontiers people had to be self reliant	0
5395203466	Rendezvous	Meeting of fur trappers	1
5395203467	Ecological Imperialism	An aggressive and often heedless exploitation of the west. settlers often killed species to the point of extinction, and they farmed the lands dry. it was a hard land to live on, and ecological imperialism was sometimes the only way to survive and make a profit	2
5395203468	Ancient Order of Hibernians	Semisecret Irish organization that became a benevolent society aiding Irish immigrants in America	3
5395203469	Molly Maguires	A secret Irish organization of coal miners in regions of western Pennsylvania and West Virgina in the mid to late 1800's. The miners worked together to achieve better working conditions, and when demands weren't met, they protested by destroying mining equipment and other activities. They were eventually brought down by a Pinkerton detective, and some alleged members had trials and were hanged	4
5395203470	Tammany Hall	A political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism	5
5395203471	Know-Nothing Party (American Party)	Political party composed of Nativists that advocated rigid restrictions on immigration and naturalization and for laws authorizing the deportation of alien paupers	6
5395203472	Awful Disclosures	One of many sensational, mainly fictional books promoted by nativists in which nuns described the shocking sins they partook in, including the secret burial of babies, written by Maria Monk	7
5395203473	Cotton Gin	A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793	8
5395203474	Patent Office	Federal government bureau that reviews patent applications. A patent is a legal recognition of a new invention, granting exclusive rights to the inventor for a period of years	9
5395203475	Limited Liability	A form of business ownership in which the owners are liable only up to the amount of their individual investments	10
5395203476	Commonwealth v. Hunt	(1842) a landmark ruling of the MA Supreme Court establishing the legality of labor unions and the legality of union workers striking if an employer hired non-union workers	11
5395203477	Cult of Domesticity	Idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands	12
5395203478	McCormick Reaper	Mechanized the harvest of grains, such as wheat, allowing farmers to cultivate larger plots; 1831; fueled the large-scale establishment of commercial agriculture in the Midwest	13
5395203479	Turnpike	An expressway on which tolls are collected	14
5395203480	Clipper Ships	American boats, built during the 1840's in Boston, that were sleek and fast but inefficient in carrying a lot of cargo or passengers. Mainly used to carry high value cargo	15
5395203481	Pony Express	A Mail carrying service; ran from 1860-1861; was established to carry mail speedily along the 2000 miles from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California; they could make the trek in 10 days	16
5395203482	Transportation Revolution	A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation	17
5395203483	Market Revolution	Change in the way Americans made, bought, and sold goods. Brought about by the Transportation Revolution	18
5395203484	Samuel Slater	"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; put into operation the first spinning cotton thread in 1791	19
5395203485	Eli Whitney	An American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged	20
5395203486	Elias Howe	American inventor whose sewing machine helped revolutionize garment manufacture in the factory and in the home	21
5395203487	Isaac Singer	American inventor and manufacturer, who made his fortune by improving on Elias Howe's sewing machine. His machine fueled the ready-made clothing industry in New England	22
5395203488	Samuel F. B. Morse	Invented the telegraph and Morse code	23
5395203489	John Deere	American blacksmith that was responsible for inventing the steel plow. This new plow was much stronger than the old iron version; therefore, it made plowing farmland in the west easier, making expansion faster. Helped to commercialize agriculture	24
5395203490	Cyrus McCormick	(1809-1884) American inventor and industrialist, he invented the mechanical reaper and harvesting machine that quickly cut down wheat. Helped to commercialize agriculture	25
5395203491	Robert Fulton	Along with Robert R Livingston, put the first steamboats into service in 1807	26
5395203492	DeWitt Clinton	Governor of New York who started the Erie Canal project. His leadership helped complete the canal, which boosted the economy greatly by cutting time traveled from west New York to the Hudson	27
5395203493	Cyrus Field	American businessman who laid the first telegraph wire across the Atlantic. This cut down the time it took for a message to be sent from Europe to American and vice-versa	28
5395203494	John Jacob Astor	Created one of the largest fur businesses, the American Fur Company. He bought skins from western fur traders and trappers who became known as montain men. Astoria was named after him	29