AP US History Chapter 23 Flashcards

6188552264	Smoot-Hawley Tariff	1930 - U.S. legislation that raised import duties by as much as 50%, adding considerable strain to the worldwide economic climate of the Great Depression. Despite a petition from 1,000 economists urging Pres. Herbert Hoover to veto the act, it was passed as a protective measure for domestic industries. It contributed to the early loss of confidence on Wall Street and signaled U.S. isolationism. Other countries retaliated with similarly high protective tariffs, and overseas banks began to collapse. In 1934 Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Trade Agreements Act, which reduced such tariffs.	0
6188552265	Bonus Army	1932 - Facing the financial crisis of the Depression, WW I veterans tried to pressure Congress to pay them their retirement bonuses early. Congress considered a bill authorizing immediate assurance of $2.4 billion, but it was not approved. Angry veterans marched on Washington, D.C., and Hoover called in the army to get the veterans out of there.	1
6188552266	Fireside Chats	The informal radio conversations Roosevelt had with the people to keep spirits up. It was a means of communicating with the people on how he would take on the depression.	2
6188552267	Hundred Days	The brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French King and again becoming Emperor of France	3
6188552268	Glass-Stegall Act	made loans more available; released 750 million in gold; countered effect of foreign withdrawl and domestic hording of gold of gold; largened supply of credit	4
6188552269	Agricultural Adjustment Act	(FDR) 1933 and 1938 , Helped farmers meet mortgages. Unconstitutional because the government was paying the farmers to waste 1/3 of there products. Created by Congress in 1933 as part of the New Deal this agency attempted to restrict agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies to take land out of production.	5
6188552270	National Recovery Administration	- Child labor was forbidden, and Section 7A of the NIRA guaranteed labor unions the right to organize and bargain collectively.	6
6188552271	Public Works Administration	(FDR) , 1935 Created for both industrial recovery and for unemployment relief. Headed by the Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery and spent $4 billion on thousands of projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways.	7
6188552272	Civilian Conservation Corps	Hired young, unemployed people to do restoration projects throughout the country, employed over 3 million people.	8
6188552273	Federal Housing Administration	A federal agency established in 1943 to increase home ownership by providing an insurance program to safeguard the lender against the risk of nonpayment.	9
6188552274	Securities and Exchange Commission	monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds	10
6188552275	Liberty League	Conservatives who did not agree with Roosevelt, they wanted government to let business alone and play a less active role in the economy	11
6188552276	National Association of Manufacturers	This was the African American reform led by Josephine Ruffin	12
6188552277	Townsend Plan	Francis Townsend; federal government pay citizens over 60 a pension of 200$ a month; might lead to more spending => fear of a coalition against Roosevelt because of popularity of the idea	13
6188552278	Welfare State	A government that undertakes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens through programs in public health and public housing and pensions and unemployment compensation etc.	14
6188552279	Wagner Act	1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining	15
6188552280	Social Security Act	(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health	16
6188552281	Classical Liberalism	A term given to the philosophy of John Locke and other 17th and 18th century advocates of the protection of individual rights and liberties by limiting government power.	17
6188552282	Works Progress Administration	New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings.	18
6188552283	Roosevelt Recession	When FDR started to take away some of the new deal programs recession started back up again. This proved that the new deal programs didnt "cure" the depression, they only "stopped the bleeding".	19
6188552284	Keynesian Economics	Economic theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.	20
6188552285	Indian Reorganization Act	"Indian New Deal" partially reversed the Dawes Act and restored the tribal status and Indian reservation system	21
6188552286	Dust Bowl	A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.	22
6188552287	Tennessee Valley Authority	A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.	23
6188552288	Rural Electrification Administration	constructed dam and power projects to improve seven-state region	24
6188552289	Herbert Hoover	(1929-1933) The New York Stock Market Crashes October 29, 1929 "Black Tuesday". The 20th Amendment is passed and added and the 21st Amendment is passed by 1933.	25
6188552290	Franklin Delano Roosevelt	32nd President of the United States	26
6188552291	Father Charles Coughlin	A Catholic priest from Michigan who was critical of FDR on his radio show. His radio show morphed into being severly against Jews during WWII and he was eventually kicked off the air, however before his fascist (?) rants, he was wildly popular among those who opposed FDR's New Deal.	27
6188552292	Huey Long	"Kingfish" Rep. senator of LA; pushed "Share Our Wealth" program and make "Every Man a King' at the expense of the wealthy; assassinated	28
6188552293	Frances Perkins	(born Fanny Coralie Perkins, lived April 10, 1882 - May 14, 1965) was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition	29
6188552294	Eleanor Roosevelt	A strong first lady who supported civil rights.	30
6188552295	Mary McLeod Bethune	United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)	31
6188552296	John Collier	Head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs who introduced the Indian New Deal and pushed congress to pass Indian Reorganization Act	32