AP US History Unit 3 Flashcards

5286004961	Loose Construction vs. Strict Construction	Loose constructionists pushed for a loose, or broader, interpretation of the Constitution, while strict constructionists pushed for a strict interpretation of the Constitution. This is significant because these two sides helped decide the fate of the Bank of the United States.	0
5286009879	Funding at Par	It means the government would pay all debts at face value plus interest. This is significant because it was part of Hamilton's plan for the Bank of the U.S. and to try and get the U.S. out of foreign debt.	1
5286013116	Neutrality Proclamation of 1793	A proclamation by George Washington stating the the U.S. would stay neutral during the French Revolution. This is significant because the French and British were both mad at us and it was made so the other countries would recognize the U.S. neutrality.	2
5286017475	Whiskey Rebellion	A rebellion of back country farmers in western Pennsylvania over the excise tax on whiskey. It consisted of tarring and feathering and destroying public buildings. This is significant because the government immediately put it down with a militia, it let the government assert its power. It is also significant because it prevented a Shays-like fiasco.	3
5286019149	Farewell Address	George Washington's message to the U.S. before he left office. This is significant because he had 3 things for them. He warned them to remain neutral with Europe, avoid entangling alliances, and refrain from the formation of "factions" or political parties.	4
5286022593	The XYZ Affair	a result of the increasing tensions with France. Adams sent a delegation to Paris in 1797, the delegation was approached by 3 French agents, dubbed X, Y, and Z. The 3 agents demanded large sums of money in order to talk to the French officials. The U.S. refused to pay and were angry. The significance of this event was the Federalists wanted immediate military action, there was an undeclared naval war between the U.S. and France in the West Indies which strained trade and it was on the brink of an all-out war.	5
5286027536	The Alien and Sedition Acts	The Alien Act increased the residency requirement for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, the President now had the power to detain or deport aliens in times of war. The Sedition Act made it illegal to criticize the President or Congress, imposed a heavy fine or a threat of imprisonment, and impacted editors of newspapers. The Acts were an attempt by the Feds to silence the D-Rs, the D-Rs hated the Sedition Act more.	6
5286032853	Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions	These resolutions were made to do or not do something, they were agreements. D-Rs encouraged states to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts, they used the compact theory argument, they claimed the states had the rights to nullify a federal law. Virginia and Kentucky were the only states to pass the resolutions to overturn the acts.	7
5286034738	Revolution of 1800	Thomas Jefferson wins the general election, but there was a tie in the Electoral College between Jefferson and Aaron Burr, both were DRs. The House decides and picks Jefferson. The Federalists still had control of the government. This was a time of peaceful, non-violent political power shift in the White House. This is significant because it was a peaceful transfer of power from Feds to DRs, it was unprecedented in world history, and proved that democracy would hold up.	8
5286036803	Louisiana Purchase	A deal between the U.S. and France where France agreed to give the U.S. the area of present day Louisiana for about $15 million. This is significant because the U.S. obtained key land west of the Mississippi River.	9
5286038710	Lewis and Clark	Two men that explored the vast territory of the west and found an all-water route from the Mississippi River to Pacific Ocean. They are significant because they found an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean which made transportation to the west easier.	10
5286042574	Marbury vs. Madison	A court case between William Marbury and James Madison where the Supreme Court formed the process of Judicial Review in the U.S. under Article III of the Constitution. This is significant because it brought on the process of Judicial Review in the U.S.	11
5286044802	Judicial Review	The Supreme Court has the power to determine if the acts passed by Congress are constitutional. This is significant because it brought more power to the Supreme Court.	12
5286046687	Barbary Pirates	These were nations in North Africa that were seizing U.S. merchant ships during trade. They are significant because they led to the Tripolitan Wars, where the U.S. was successful.	13
5286048234	Impressment	-The attack on the U.S. on how to deal with foreign policy, the capturing of American sailors. Leads to the War of 1812.	14
5286049899	Embargo Act	An act that prohibited U.S. trade with any foreign country, Jefferson hoped that Britain and France would be crippled economically, but all it did was ruin the U.S. economy, it was eventually repealed. It is significant because for the span of time it was effective it ruined the U.S. economy.	15
5286051000	Non-Intercourse Act	An act that replaced the Embargo Act, it allowed the U.S. to trade with all foreign countries, except Britain and France. This is significant because it reopened U.S. trade.	16
5286054677	War Hawks	A group of new, young Democratic Republican congressman from the south and west, 2 of their leaders were Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. They urged a war with Britain because it would finally clear Britain's influence from North America. They are significant because they are one of the main reasons the War of 1812 even occurred.	17
5286057077	Battle of Tippecanoe	A battle that occurred before the outbreak of the War of 1812 in present-day Indiana. It was William Henry Harrison vs. Tecumseh and the Prophet. The U.S. won and Native American threat was removed in the West.	18
5286060310	Fort McHenry	This is where the Star-Spangled Banner was written by Francis Scott Key. The U.S. soldiers kept the fort held strong through a night of bombing. It inspired a prisoner of a nearby British ship to write a poem about it. This is significant because it showed the toughness of American soldiers and our country's national anthem came of it.	19
5286060311	Battle of New Orleans	An unnecessary battle that took place after the War of 1812 where Andrew Jackson was the winning general. It was an impressive American victory and we kept control of the Mississippi River. This is significant because it was an impressive American victory and once again showed the toughness of America.	20
5286062266	Treaty of Ghent	A treaty signed in Ghent, Belgium that ended the War of 1812. This is significant because it ended the War of 1812 and all conquered territory was returned, so nobody really won or lost the war.	21
5286064628	Hartford Convention	A meeting of Federalists from New England whose purpose was to discuss ways to demand the federal government to pay them for loss of trade. This is significant because it didn't work and brought on the end of the Federalist party.	22
5286066141	Era of Good Feelings	term given by a U.S. newspaper that applied to Monroe's presidency which means a period of one-party control of the government. This is significant because it was a period of nationalism, intense patriotism, and reverence for American heroes of the past.	23
5286069320	Tariff of 1816	The first fully protective tariff in American history, or first tariff that worked. It's purpose was to protect new American industry and protect American economy from cheap British goods. This is significant because it brought a lot of controversy, some thought it would raise revenue for internal improvements and help establish manufacturing. Others who were against it thought it would hurt the southern farmers and plantation owners and hurt the New England trade with Britain.	24
5286071193	American System	A system by Henry Clay to recharter the Bank of the U.S. and build up America's infrastructure. This is significant because it helped spark the transportation movement/reform and made America better in so many ways.	25
5286073321	Panic of 1819	An economic decline brought on by over-speculation of available land in the west. Wildcat banks would loan money to land buyers on false hope that prices on land would rise, led to foreclosure. This is significant because money supply became severely restricted.	26
5286074669	Missouri Compromise	An idea proposed by Henry Clay that would make Missouri a slave state and Maine would be admitted as a free state to keep the balance in the Senate. This is significant because slavery would not be permitted in states admitted above the 36 30 line, with the exception of Missouri. It also temporarily resolved the intense sectional issue of slavery and slavery would be on the center stage from this point until the Civil War.	27
5286077325	Monroe Doctrine	A document written by John Quincy Adams which was a warning to the European powers to stay out of the Western Hemisphere and became the basis of foreign policy. This is significant because it becomes the basis of U.S. foreign policy.	28
5286081413	Henry Clay	An American politician of the Democratic Republican party who came up with many successful plans that helped move our country along during its younger days. He was a War Hawk, for the Tariff of 1816, came up with the Bank of the U.S. idea, and proposed the Missouri Compromise.	29
5286083432	Corrupt Bargain of 1824	When John Quincy Adams was elected as president, he immediately appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State. After this Andrew Jackson became upset and thought Adams was corrupt. This is significant because it set up the spoils system which was soon to come.	30
5286087270	Nullification Crisis	One of the most successful points in Andrew Jackson's presidency. Jackson protected the power of the federal government and averted a potentially dangerous clash of states' rights over federal power. This is significant because Jackson was able to keep South Carolina from leaving the Union.	31
5286089578	Death of the Bank of the U.S.	-Andrew Jackson killed the Bank of the U.S. and considered it a monopoly. Jackson's plan was for all federal funds be removed from the BUS and he issued the specie circular, where all purchases of federal lands were to be made in hard coin-not banknotes. This is significant because the BUS was killed, it led to the Panic of 1837, the U.S. would not have a national bank until the Civil War, and the value of paper money decreased.	32
5286092111	Trail of Tears	An event that came as a result of the Indian Removal Act where 4,000 Cherokee Indians died en route to Oklahoma. Andrew Jackson took the case of Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia to Supreme Court. After John Marshall ruled in favor of the Cherokee, Jackson took matters into his own hands and had the Cherokee removed. This is significant because it opened up more land for U.S. settlement in the West.	33
5286092112	Spoils System	This was rewarding your own supporters with Cabinet positions or political office. This is significant because it gives people more opportunities, but there are people in power that probably shouldn't be in power. Some people didn't agree with this system.	34