AP US History Flashcards

9907346334	The French and Indian War	1754-1763 War between French and British in American colonies part of 7 years	0
9907346335	The Proclamation of 1763	Line drawn by British Parliament, colonists not allowed to settle past Appalachian mountains	1
9907346336	Stamp Act	1765 direct tax on a stamp that must be put on paper, office documents, etc.	2
9907346337	The Coercive Acts	1774 intolerable acts	3
9907346338	Common Sense	1776 pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to get people to want independence	4
9907346339	The Declaration Of Independence	1776 document written by colonist elites to British King and Parliament stating independence and what all was wrong with British rule and the King	5
9907346340	Battle of Saratoga	Head to head battle between the British and Americans in country side, Americans win by a lot and show they have a chance	6
9907346341	French American Alliance	Formed after battle of Saratoga when Americans proved to French they can win and French are allies because they want to damage an age old enemy	7
9907346342	Treaty of Paris	1783 ended the American Revolutionary War Granted the land British gave Indians as American land now American colonies recognized as their own independent country	8
9907346343	Articles of confederation	First form of government A lot of weaknesses No strong central government Strong state governments Causes economical problems and failure	9
9907346344	The Northwest Ordinance of 1787	Land in Northwest is divided into 5 states (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, Indiana) they are all seen as equal to the 13 original states Reach a certain pop you can apply for statehood and be part of congress and slavery was outlawed	10
9907346345	Shay's Rebellion	1786 farmers debt rebellion agriculture depression, economical failure and 2 out of 3 were being sued	11
9907346346	The Constitution	New format of government focuses more on a central national power and less on states 3 branch government that limit each other	12
9907346347	Federalism	One central power over all	13
9907346348	The Great Compromise	New Jersey and Virginia plans together and create the senate and House of Representatives senate equal vote house of rep by population	14
9907346349	The Three-Fifths compromise	Slaves count as population for vote in congress 3 slaves for every 5 white were counted	15
9907346350	The Federalists papers	Essays written by Federalists to get people to ratify the constitution plubis	16
9907346351	Federalists	Supported the ratification of the constitution one central strong government	17
9907346352	Anti federalists	Against ratification of the constitution	18
9907346353	The Bill of rights	First ten amendments of the constitution	19
9907346354	George Washington's presidency	1st president formed the cabinets 2nd term strictly followed constitution left office to tell everyone they needed to be unified established framework of Supreme Court and how they will be decided judiciary	20
9907346355	Hamilton	Tackle debt- grant money back to people, national bank create national government, manufacturing establish tax revenue	21
9907346356	Jefferson	Wanted state governments against Hamilton 3rd president vice under John Adams voting process not fix yet and he got 2nd place	22
9907346357	Washington's farewell address	Unity and against foreign policies	23
9907346358	XYZ Affair	3 agents from France try to bribe Americans who came as ambassadors to see the rulers of France common in Europe but Americans took offense and John Adams published what happened for all Americans to see decreasing support of republicans because they are Franco files	24
9907346359	Alien and Sedition Acts	Sedition- speaking false against congress or president Alien- allow president to prison or deport suspicious foreign during war Cut of increase of republicans	25
9907346360	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions	Idea of nullification Legislatures that constitution was written by sovereign states so they could revoke the unconstitutional laws	26
9907346361	The Protestant Reformation	Protestant religions had... - more emphasis on the bible -All should be able to read bible -"Priesthood" of all believers Resulting religions include... -Lutherans -Quakers -Anglican -Calvin-Puritains-Congregational church	27
9907346362	Triangular trade	Econamic system that comes after the Columbian Exchange -Navigation laws where created to control this.	28
9907346363	Mercantilism, Navigation acts and Salutary Neglect	-Enforce of neglect Attempts to enforce mercantilism are navigation acts "trade laws" -Salutary Neglect-let countries run themselves why?- might make money anyway -too many problems on their own -costly Impact of this? used to note being taxed and then when the are they get upset.	29
9907346364	The great awakening	-1730's Jonathan Edward -"sinners in the hands of an angry god." -put fear of religion in people George Whitefield-Enlightment -Evangelicalism -Emotionalism -open air preaching Colonial unity in the way that all the colonies brought emotionalism in religion.	30
9907346365	The Zenger Trial	John Peter Zenger was put in jail for saying negative things about the government and his lawyer argued that what he said was okay because it was all true. Established the freedom of press and speech.	31
9907346366	Women in colonial America (differences between Northern and Southern colonies)	-A vast majority of woman worked at home doing housework and tending to the children. -Some also helped with farming -Some southern aristocrats had slaves	32
9907346367	American indian practices, colonial interactions with Indians	-When the Colonists started moving west they got closer to the Indians and killed them off with the new illnesses that they brought also with their European weapons.	33
9907346368	Role of disease	Killed most new settlers at Jamestown Killed Indians once colonists moved west	34
9907346369	Cash Crops	crops, such as tobacco, rice, sugar, and indigo, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit This was the #1 reason for slavery in the south.	35
9907346370	The Enlightenment	1650-1790 Scientific revolution -from Europe -Emphasis on reason and progress Religion -deism -skeptism Politics -More Republics and Democracy (Franklin, Jefferson)	36
9907346371	Early signs of colonial democracy(6)	House of Burgesses -Chesapeake -white landowning men can vote Town Hall -Mass. -white male members of church can vote Mayflower compact 1620 -ruled by majority -established first town meeting Fundamental orders of Conn. -first Constitution Maryland act of Toleration -1649 act of religious toleration to Christians only in MD Rhode Island and separation of church and state in 1644	37
9907346372	Early signs of colonial unity	-The New England Confederation (1643-) (Plymouth, MA bay, CT) not RI Created to deal with the Pequot war, King Philips war and the Anglo Dutch war -Emotionalism- part of great awakening	38
9907346373	Geography, economics and climate of NE colonies	-Rocky soil not fit for plantations -Short growing seasons -More trade and commerce	39
9907346374	Emphasis on shipbuilding	-Trade and commerce	40
9907346375	Mayflower compact	1620 -rule by majority -established first town meeting	41
9907346376	Mass. Bay Colony	Established 1620 by Puritans -1630 11 vesels -Winthrop's "city on a hill" -Religious -Goal: create a model community for christians to copy -"blue laws"-silly religious laws -"Freedmen" where free white men part of church elected representation and had right to vote -NE way: relationship btwn church and state -Emphasis on education-1636 Harvard College Established	42
9907346377	Puritans-congregational church	-self governing puritan without hierarchy of the anglican church -lead to democracy	43
9907346378	"City upon a hill"-Winthrop	Basically said that their society would be a model for all others in the future -shows how religious they where	44
9907346379	Salem Witch trials	1692 Salem part of Mass. Puritanical town (belief in God and devil) Droughts and floods common 150 imprisoned 19 hanged, 5 died in prison Ended because governor and his wife where accused.	45
9907346380	Pequot wars-King Philip's war, 1675	Issues with the Natives -Colonists win because of new illnesses and European weapons (The colonists increase of land lead to more conflict with natives.)	46
9907346381	The NE confederation	(1643-) (Plymouth, MA bay, CT) not RI Created to deal with the Pequot war, King Philips war and the Anglo Dutch war -First sign of colonial unity	47
9907346382	Boston	major city	48
9907346383	Middle colonies	-"bread basket" -Wheat -Corn -Diverse cities	49
9907346384	Philadelphia, NYC	Major cities	50
9907346385	William Penn and Pennsylvania	-Formed by quakers -Good relations with Indians	51
9907346386	Chesapeake Colonies	First indentured servants came here but that changed because of bacon's rebellion and there was a lot of money to be made in tobacco (1680's)	52
9907346387	Indentured servitude-Slavery	Indentured servitude- White males that did work for 1 to 7 years and in return they received a journey to America. -Ended because of Bacon's rebellion (1676) -So they needed a source of labor that wouldn't fight back they looked to Africa.	53
9907346388	Maryland Act of Toleration	(1649) Granted freedom of religion to all christians so no Jewish people ect.	54
9907346389	Virginia House of Burgesses	The first elected assembly in the New World, established in 1619	55
9907346390	Tobacco	Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown	56
9907346391	Anglo-Powhatan wars	Conflict with Indians	57
9907346392	Bacon's rebellion	(1676) Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants revolt against Governor William Berkley's refusal to defend them against Indian attacks. However it eventually became a boxer conflict between the impoverished and the planter elite. -basically rich V.S. poor	58
9907346393	rice, indigo	South's economy is based on these crops	59
9907346394	Southern colonies	-relation with West indies	60
9907346395	Institutional, Plantation slavery	Legalize slavery	61
9907346396	Barbados slave code	(1661)-racism -first thing that says what slave owners can do to slaves -children of slaves are your slaves too -brought to southern colonies by immigrants from west indies.	62
9907346397	Charleston	major city	63
9907346398	Slave culture	mixing of American and African cultures They tried to hold on to their old African culture -No major slave revlolts -Language: Gullah (spoke in SC) -Religion: Many adopted Christianity with African elements Music: The development of Jazz	64
9907346399	A land bridge from Asia	How early Americans reached North and South America	65
9907346400	Nomadic; following food and herds	The lifestyle that encouraged Indians to cross the land bridge	66
9907346401	Mayan, Inca and Aztecs	The most complex Indian communities living in South America	67
9907346402	Maize	This crop transformed nomadic hunter-gatherer societies into settled farm communities	68
9907346403	Silk, Spices, Oils/Perfumes	Items desired from Persia & China	69
9907346404	God, Gold & Glory	3 motives for Spanish Exploration	70
9907346405	Hispaniola	The area in which Columbus landed	71
9907346406	Treaty of Tordesillas	The agreement settling the dispute between Spain & Portugal for land in the Americas.	72
9907346407	Semi-permanent settlements	Most people in the Americas lived in this type of settlement by the time of Christopher Columbus.	73
9907346408	Anasazi; Pueblo	Tribes that settled in the Southwest; had culture based on farming & irrigation systems with permanent buildings	74
9907346409	Northwest Indians	Lived in permanent longhouses that had a rich diet based on hunting & fishing	75
9907346410	Great Plains Indians	Tribe that was nomadic OR farmers/traders; hunted buffalo, raised maize, beans & squash	76
9907346411	What did the Treaty of Tordesillas say?	Divided the trade routes to Asia: Spain gets the route across the Atlantic and Portugal gets the route around Africa. Also, Spain got a lot of land in the New World and Portugal got present-day Brazil.	77
9907346412	Cortes	Conquered the Aztecs	78
9907346413	Pizzaro	Conquered the Incas	79
9907346414	Bartolome de las Casas	Man who stood up for the rights on the natives.	80
9907346415	Renaissance	Time period that allowed for the invention of gunpowder, the compass and advanced shipbuilding and mapmaking	81
9907346416	Vasco de Gama	First European to reach India using the route around South Africa's Cape of Good Hope.	82
9907346417	John Cabot	First explorer sent by England to the New World; explored the North American coast	83
9907346418	Christopher Columbus	Explorer who won the backing of Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand of Spain to sail west from Europe to the "Indies."	84
9907346419	Ferdinand Magellan	Explorer who is credited with the 1st circumnavigation of the earth	85
9907346420	Henry Hudson	While searching for the northwest passage, this explorer sailed up a a broad river to give the Dutch claim	86
9907346421	Columbian Exchange	Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases (beans, corn, potatoes, tomatoes & tobacco) between Old World and New World after the time of Columbus.	87
9907346422	Corn, beans, squash (3 sister farming)	3 crops from the Americas ended up being staple crops in Europe?	88
9907346423	Horses	Animal introduced by the Spanish that changed the lifestyle of the Native American	89
9907346424	Smallpox, malaria, yellow fever, influenza	Diseases from the Old World and went to the New World	90
9907346425	Syphillis	Disease from the New World to the Old World	91
9907346426	Valladolid Debate	The argument between Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda over treatment of Indians by the Spanish.	92
9907346427	Encomienda	A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it; essentially set up slavery for Native Americans	93
9907346428	Atlantic slave trade	Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. 98% of Africans were sent to the Caribbean, South and Central America.	94
9907346429	Iroquois	A later native group to the eastern woodlands. They blended agriculture and hunting living in common villages constructed from the trees and bark of the forests	95
9907346430	Cherokee	Are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee). Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian-language family.	96
9907346431	Inuit	A member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia)	97
9907346432	Maya	Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.	98
9907346433	Aztec	(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky.	99
9907346434	Inca	Their empire stretched from what is today Ecuador to central Chili in the Andes Mountain region of South America. Called the Children of the Sun.	100
9907346435	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.	101
9907346436	Nomad	Early, simplistic man that migrated across the land bridge.	102
9907346437	Martin Luther	Broke away from the Catholic Church because of his 95 problems with the Catholic Church.	103
9907346438	King Henry VIII	Broke away from the Catholic Church because of his disagreement with his inability to get divorced; which eventually led to civil unrest in his country.	104
9907346439	New France	Established in Canada and along the Mississippi River, focused on fur trade.	105
9907346440	Animism	Belief that non-human things possess a spiritual essence	106
9907346441	Mestizo	People with mixed Indian & European heritage	107
9907346442	Mulatto	People of mixed white and black ancestry	108
9907346443	Pope's Rebellion/Pueblo Revolt	1680 conflict that lead to death of hundreds of Spanish colonists and destruction of Catholic churches in the area	109
9907346444	Cultural autonomy	Conflicts between Natives and Europeans were for the Natives to maintain this	110
9907346445	Mercantilism	Economic system in which the colonies exist to enrich the Mother country; attempt to export to colonies more than they import	111