AP US History - The Enduring Vision Chapter 6 Flashcards

6676017409	Loyalists	Colonists who retained a profound reverence for the British crown and believed that if they failed to defend their king, they would sacrifice their personal honor.	0
6676019587	Joseph Brant	Mohawk chief who supported the British	1
6676023966	Battle of Saratoga	A turning point in the American Revolution. The American victory in this battle convinced France that Americans could win the war, and it allied itself with the Americans.	2
6676025946	Battle of Yorktown	The battle in Yorktown, Virginia when Lord Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington.	3
6676028906	Treaty of Paris	A treaty signed in 1783 when the British recognized American independence and agreed to withdraw all royal troops from the colonies.	4
6676031004	Abigail Adams	John Adams' wife. She made clear that, besides participating in boycotts and spinning bees, women recognized that colonists' arguments against arbitrary British rule also applied to gender relations. "Remember the ladies."	5
6676033114	Prince Hall	One of the most prominent free blacks to emerge during the Revolutionary period. Born a slave, Hall received his freedom in 1770 and immediately took a leading role among Boston blacks protesting slavery.	6
6676034984	Articles of Confederation	Government that focused more on states' rights. It reserved to each state "its sovereignty, freedom and independence."	7
6676039512	Ordinance of 1785	Established uniform procedures for surveying land north of the Ohio River. The law established a township six miles square as the basic unit of settlement. Every township would be subdivided into 36 sections of 640 acres each, one of which would be reserved as a source of income for schools. It imposed an arbitrary grid of straight lines and right angles across the landscape that conformed to European-American notions of private property while utterly ignoring the land's natural features.	8
6676051503	Northwest Ordinance	Defined the steps for the creation and admission of new states. It designated the area north of the Ohio River as the Northwest Territory and provided for its later division into states. It forbade slavery while the region remained a territory, although citizens could legalize the institution after statehood.	9
6676057894	Alexander McGillivray	Creek Indian leader who secretly negotiated a treaty in which Spain promised weapons so that the Creeks could protect themselves "from the Bears and other fierce Animals."	10
6676063362	James Madison	One of the delegates of the Articles of Federation, he introduced the Virginia Plan and played a central role in the Constitution's adoption. Would one day bear a STRIKING resemblance to Skeletor.	11
6676072436	Virginia Plan	Called for the establishment of a strong central government rather than a federation of states. It gave Congress virtually unrestricted rights of legislation and taxation and power to veto any state law, and authority to use military force against the states. It specified a bicameral legislature and fixed representation in both houses of Congress proportionally to each state's population.	12
6676074164	New Jersey Plan	A counterproposal to the Virginia Plan, it recommended a single-chamber congress in which each state had an equal vote, just as the Articles.	13
6676077063	Constitution of the United States	Reconciled the conflicting interests of large and small states, and stated the laws of the United States. Every American's favorite piece of nasty old parchment.	14
6676081192	Separation of powers	Each branch of government has separate powers from one another.	15
6676083932	Checks and balances	Designed to prevent one branch of government from dominating the other two.	16
6676086038	Federalism	Shared power and dual lawmaking by the national and state governments.	17
6676088126	"Three-fifths clause"	Allowed three-fifths of all slaves to be counted for congressional representation and, thereby, in the Electoral College that selected the president.	18
6676091036	"The Federalist Papers"	A series of 85 newspaper essays penned by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. It defended the rights of political minorities against majority tyranny, and it prevented a stubborn minority from blocking well-considered measures that the majority believed necessary for the national interest.	19