Amsco AP US History Chapter 1 Flashcards

7313926507	native americans; land bridge	the first people to settle north america arrived as much as 40,000 years ago and came from asia; they adapted to the varied environments of the regions that they found	0
7313926508	renaissance	a rebirth of classical learning and an outburst of artistic and scientific activity in europe	1
7313926509	compass; printing press; gunpowder	one aspect of the renaissance was a gradual increase in scientific knowledge and technological change; europeans made improvements in the inventions of others (chinese and arab merchants)	2
7313926510	spain; moors	in the middle ages, spain had been partly conquered by muslim invaders and only one moorish stronghold remained; isabella and ferdinand succeeded in defeating the moors of granada	3
7313926511	ferdinand and isabella	their uniting of spain was a sign of new leadership, hope, and power for european believers in the roman catholic faith	4
7313926512	protestant reformation	in the early 1500s, certain christians in germany, england, france, holland, and other northern european countries revolted against the authority of the pope in rome	5
7313926513	nation-state	a country in which the majority of people share both a common culture and common political loyalties toward a central government	6
7313926514	christopher columbus	spent 8 years seeking financial support for his plan to sail west from europe to the "indies"; his success in discovering lands on the other side of the ocean brought him a burst of glory in spain but 3 voyages across the atlantic was disappointing;	7
7313926515	amerigo vespucci	an italian sailor; the new world was named afer him	8
7313926516	papal line of demarcation (1493)	the pope drew a vertical, north-south line on a world map, giving spain all lands to the west of the line and portugal all lands to the east	9
7313926517	treaty of tordesillas (1494)	moved the line papal line a few degrees to the west; signed by spain and portugal	10
7313926518	vasco nunez de balboa	made the journey across the isthmus of panama to the pacific ocean	11
7313926519	ferdinand megallan	completed a circumnavigation of the world	12
7313926520	hernan cortes	defeated the aztecs in mexico	13
7313926521	francisco pizzaro	defeated the incas in peru	14
7313926522	conquistadores	sent ships loaded with gold and silver back to spain from the new world; increased the gold supply by over 500 percent making spain the richest and most powerful nation in europe	15
7313926523	encomienda system	gave grants of land and indians (native americans) to individual spaniards	16
7313926524	asiento system	when europeans' brutality and diseases reduced the native american population, the spanish brought slaves from west africa	17
7313926525	john cabot	an italian sea captain who was under contract to england's king henry vii; explored the coast of newfoundland in 1497	18
7313926531	henry hudson	hired by the dutch government to seek a northwest passage; sailed up a broad river and established dutch claims to the surrounding area that would become new amsterdam (and later new york)	19
7313926532	joint-stock company	given the privilege of taking control of the region for economic gain (dutch west india company)	20
7313926533	virginia company; jamestown	chartered by england's king james i and established the first permanent english colony in america in 1607	21
7313926534	captain john smith	with his forceful leadership and the establishment of a tobacco industry by john rolfe, the jamestown colony survived	22
7313926535	john rolfe; pocohontas	developed a new variety of tobacco, which became very popular in europe and brought financial prosperity to the colony	23
7313926536	royal colony	a colony under the control of a king of queen	24
7313926537	puritans	religious reformers who wanted to "purify" the church of catholic influences; james viewed them as a threat to both his religious and political authority and ordered some of them arrested and jailed	25
7313926538	plymouth colony	several hundred separatists left england in search of religious freedom; after economic hardship and cultural differences in holland a small group of pilgrims set sail for virginia but landed off the massachusetts coast	26
7313926539	separatists	one group of puritans who rejected the idea of simply reforming the church of england	27
7313926540	mayflower compact	aboard the ship in 1620, the pilgrims drew up and signed a document that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority; represented both an early from of colonial self-government and an early (though rudimentary) from of written constitution, establishing the powers and duties of the government	28
7313926541	massachusetts bay colony	John Winthrop led about a thousand puritans (who were persecuted by the new king of England, Charles I) and sailed for the new world; founded Boston and several other towns	29
7313926542	john winthrop	led about a thousand puritans and founded the massachusetts bay colony	30
7313926543	great migration	a civil war in england in the 1630s drove some 15,000 more settlers to the massachusetts bay colony	31
7313926544	virginia house of burgesses	the first representative assembly in america; organized by virginia's colonists	32
7313943107	William Bradford	Leader of Plymouth Bay Colony	33
7313946388	Roger Williams	Religious reformer who fled Boston (MBC) & founded Connecticut. Key idea: Separation of Church & State	34
7313952055	Anne Hutchinson	Religious reformer who fled the Puritans for teaching that faith alone is needed for salvation	35