Period 6 (1865-1898) AP US History Flashcards
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| 9792483959 | People's Party | (1892-96) A.K.A. Populists; An agrarian political party; Drew support from angry farmers in the West and South; Highly critical of capitalism, especially banks and railroads. | 0 | |
| 9792483960 | populism | a philosophy supporting the rights and empowerment of the masses as opposed to elites | 1 | |
| 9792483961 | assimilation | the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group |  | 2 |
| 9792483962 | "Gilded Age" | A sarcastic description of the late 19th century in the United States; Suggested both the extravagant wealth of the time and the terrible poverty that lay underneath; Coined by Mark Twain. | 3 | |
| 9792483963 | Social Darwinism | "survival of the fittest"; Provided a justification for the enormous wealth and power wielded by industrialists in the latter half of the 19th century. | 4 | |
| 9792483964 | trust | A.K.A. Holding company; A set of companies managed by a small group known as trustees, who can prevent companies in the trust from competing with each other. | 5 | |
| 9792483965 | Gospel of Wealth | (1889) Andrew Carnegie and others; The idea that those who accumulated wealth to share their riches for the betterment of society. |  | 6 |
| 9792483966 | Jane Addams | Reformer who helped poor immigrants; Established Hull House. |  | 7 |
| 9792483967 | Hull House | settlement house founded by Progressive reformer Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889 |  | 8 |
| 9792483968 | Plessy v. Ferguson | (1896) Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal." |  | 9 |
| 9792483969 | segregation | The separation into ethnic or racial groups in daily life: Restaurants, water fountains, public toilet, school, entertainment venues, transportation, residential neighborhoods. |  | 10 |
| 9792483970 | socialism | The idea (or ideal) of economic equality among all people |  | 11 |
| 9792483971 | radical | one who believes in fundamental change in a political, economic, or social system, often through extreme means | 12 | |
| 9792483972 | anarchist | one who is against formal, coercive government | 13 | |
| 9792483973 | tenement | a multi-dwelling building, often poor or overcrowded |  | 14 |
| 9792483974 | land grants | land given by government to universities and railroad companies |  | 15 |
| 9792483975 | Dawes Act | (1887) land given to individual Indians to discourage tribal mindset; encouraged Indians to farm for a living instead of communally owning land |  | 16 |
| 9792483976 | Bessemer process | A cheap and efficient process for making steel, developed around 1850; Widespread adoption in the US allowed steel production and industrialization to outpace all global industrial competitors. |  | 17 |
| 9792483977 | vertical Integration | Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to own every step of the manufacturing process (ex. Carnegie Steel) | 18 | |
| 9792483978 | horizontal Integration | Strategy to maximize profits by attempting to purchase competing companies in the same industry; monopoly-building (ex. Rockefeller's Standard Oil) | 19 | |
| 9792483979 | prohibition | forbidding by law the manufacture, sale, or consumption of liquor |  | 20 |
| 9792483980 | Haymarket Riot | (1886) Labor dispute in Chicago that ended with a bomb being thrown at police resulting in many deaths. Led to an unfavorable public opinion of organized labor. |  | 21 |
| 9792483981 | American Federation of Labor | The first federation of labor unions in the United States. Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886 |  | 22 |
| 9792483982 | urbanization | movement of people from rural communities and settlements to big cities |  | 23 |
| 9792483983 | "New Immigrants" | Eastern and Southern Europeans, especially Jews, Russians, Italians, and Poles |  | 24 |
| 9792483984 | Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) First law limiting immigration based on race; effectively stopped immigration from China. |  | 25 |
| 9792483985 | political machine | Unofficial political organization that works to win elections in order to exercise power; Mostly affiliated with urban immigrant groups. E.G. Tweed Ring, Tammany Hall. |  | 26 |
| 9792483986 | Knights of Labor | American labor organization in the 1880s led by Terence V. Powderly. Organized a wide range of workers, including skilled and unskilled, and had broad reform goals. |  | 27 |
| 9792483987 | William Jennings Bryan | Democratic and Populist candidate for President in 1896 who advocated a policy of free silver |  | 28 |
| 9792483988 | "New South" | A development plan to bring manufacturing to where cotton was produced |  | 29 |
| 9792483989 | Homestead and Pullman Strikes | Industrial lockouts and strikes that showed battle between corporations and labor unions. Ended with government intervention on the side of big business. | 30 | |
| 9792483990 | Tammany Hall | Political machine of New York City that was well-known for its corruption; lead by Boss Tweed and George Washington Plunkitt |  | 31 |
| 9792483991 | Andrew Carnegie | Titan of Industry: Steel; Author of "Gospel of Wealth" |  | 32 |
| 9792483992 | transcontinental railroads | Rail line that crosses the continent connecting East to West; Opened new markets and helped spur the Industrial Revolution |  | 33 |
| 9792483993 | Social Gospel | Belief that churches could provide for and deal with social reform. | 34 | |
| 9792483994 | Grange Movement and Farmers Alliance | Grassroots movements that attempted to address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to regulate railroads and enlarge opportunity for credit; evolved into Populist movement. |  | 35 |
| 9792483995 | John D. Rockefeller | Titan of industry: Oil |  | 36 |
| 9792483996 | Second Industrial Revolution | Spurred by machine tools, interchangeable parts, Bessemer process of mass steel production, transcontinental railroad, immigrant labor |  | 37 |
| 9792483997 | J.P. Morgan | Titan of industry: Banking |  | 38 |
| 9792483998 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | Titan of industry: Railroads |  | 39 |
| 9792483999 | Standard Oil | John D. Rockefeller's company that gained a monopoly over the world petroleum market with the practice of trusts and swift elimination of competition. | | 40 |
| 9792484000 | Credit Mobilier scandal | corruption in the railroads allowing men to change the government very high amounts for the work to be done | 41 | |
| 9792484001 | Rutherford B. Hayes | won the election of 1876 in exchange for withdrawing the federal troops from the remaining southern states |  | 42 |
| 9792484002 | Ulysses S. Grant | 18th President, 1868-1876; A "Radical Republican" who supported civil rights for freedmen; His administration was plagued by corruption and scandal (E.g. Credit Mobilier) |  | 43 |
| 9792484003 | Compromise of 1877 | South to gain removal of last troops from Reconstruction; North wins Hayes as president | 44 | |
| 9792484004 | Jim Crow laws | State-level legal codes, literacy requirement for voting, voter registration laws and poll taxes meant to deter blacks from voting | 45 | |
| 9792484005 | Pendleton Act | (1883) Legislation that began the federal merit system | 46 | |
| 9792484006 | Civil Service Commission | Created by Pendleton Act to oversee examinations for potential government employees | 47 | |
| 9792484007 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | (1890) Banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States | 48 | |
| 9792484008 | yellow journalism | sensational and exaggerated news stories |  | 49 |
| 9792484009 | Ghost Dance | A religious revitalization campaign among several Indian tribes; An attempt to preserve cultures and tribal identities despite government policies promoting assimilation |  | 50 |
| 9792484010 | Enforcement Act | equal accommodations in public places and no racial discrimination in court | 51 | |
| 9792484011 | Morrill Act | (1862) Land grants to states for education; Establishment of state colleges | 52 | |
| 9792484012 | Victoria Woodhull | Feminist who advocated for free love, women's suffrage, and women in the workplace; She was the first woman to run for President (1872) |  | 53 |
| 9792484013 | suffrage | the right to vote | 54 | |
| 9792484014 | National American Woman Suffrage Association | (Est. 1890) Organization dedicated to expanding voting rights; Significantly led by Carrie Chapman Catt | 55 | |
| 9792484015 | Carrie Chapman Catt | Women's suffragist who emphasized voting rights as a necessity for women increasingly taking on roles as family and urban community leaders; Leader of NAWSA |  | 56 |
| 9792484016 | Mark Twain | Realist author of "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1885), social commentator; Notable anti-imperialist |  | 57 |
| 9792484017 | Battle of Little Bighorn | (1876) Sioux victory over army troops led by George Custer | 58 | |
| 9792484018 | irrigation schemes | government-sponsored projects to bring water to dry western lands to make them arable | 59 | |
| 9792484019 | Homestead Act | (1862) Free western land for settlers | 60 | |
| 9792484020 | sharecropping and tenant farming | Poor laborers work the land owned by landlords | 61 | |
| 9792484021 | poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses | methods used to suppress black voting in Jim Crow South | 62 | |
| 9792484022 | laissez-faire policies | Minimal government regulation | 63 | |
| 9792484023 | Wabash Case | (1886) Supreme Court decision: States have no power to regulate interstate commerce; Only the government can do that. | 64 | |
| 9792484024 | Interstate Commerce Commission | (1887) The first concerted effort to regulate business | 65 | |
| 9792484025 | business consolidation | A.K.A. "Pools", combination; Methods used to strengthen industrial corporations, including formation of trusts and holding companies, vertical integration, horizontal integration. | 66 | |
| 9792484026 | labor movement | An attempt to organize workers under the leadership of a Union | 67 | |
| 9792484027 | Samuel Gompers | Leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL); A moderate who refuted socialism and radicalism | 68 | |
| 9792484028 | Booker T. Washington | proponent of gradual gain of equal rights for African-Americans |  | 69 |
| 9792484029 | W.E.B. Dubois | Critical of Washington's compliancy; Demanded complete equality for blacks |  | 70 |
| 9792484030 | Ida B. Wells | Investigative journalistic accounts that showed lynchings were often caused by economic inequality and labor disputes |  | 71 |
| 9792484031 | Women's Christian Temperance Union | A reform group that aimed to enact nationwide prohibition laws | 72 | |
| 9792484032 | frontier | A wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country; In the United States: the West. | 73 | |
| 9792484033 | frontiersman / pioneers / settlers | The migrants who first move into, live, and work into an undeveloped region | 74 | |
| 9792484034 | buffalo | the primary source of food, shelter, and clothing for the Plains Indians. |  | 75 |
| 9792484035 | Indian reservations | Ethnic cleansing into specified areas | 76 | |
| 9792484036 | Frederick Jackson Turner | United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history | 77 | |
| 9792484037 | William McKinley | 25th President 1897-1901 Republican |  | 78 |