AP Biology Chapter 5 Flashcards
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| 7910752640 | polymer | A large molecule made of many repeated sub units. |  | 0 |
| 7910752641 | monomers | A molecule that might bond chemically to make a polymer. |  | 1 |
| 7910752642 | condensation reaction | When two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, with the loss of a small molecule. |  | 2 |
| 7910752643 | dehydration reaction | A chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule. |  | 3 |
| 7910752644 | enzymes | Biological molecules that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur. |  | 4 |
| 7910752645 | hydrolysis | A reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. |  | 5 |
| 7910752646 | carbohydrates | Changed to glucose and used for energy in the body. |  | 6 |
| 7910752647 | monosaccharides | Building blocks of disaccharides and polysaccharides. |  | 7 |
| 7910752648 | disaccharide | A sugar made of two monosaccharides. |  | 8 |
| 7910752649 | glycosidic linkage | A type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule and another group. |  | 9 |
| 7910752650 | polysaccharides | Polymeric carbohydrate molecules made of long chains of monosaccharides. |  | 10 |
| 7910752651 | starch | A carbohydrate made of many glucose units. |  | 11 |
| 7910752652 | glycogen | A polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis. |  | 12 |
| 7910752653 | cellulose | A polysaccharide made of hundreds or even thousands of beta linked D-glucose units. |  | 13 |
| 7910752654 | lipids | A group of naturally occurring molecules including fats and waxes among others. |  | 14 |
| 7910752655 | fat | A natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies. |  | 15 |
| 7910752656 | fatty acid | A carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group. |  | 16 |
| 7910752657 | triacylglycerol | An ester made from glycerol and three fatty acids. |  | 17 |
| 7910752658 | saturated fatty acid | No double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. |  | 18 |
| 7910752659 | unsaturated fatty acid | Have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. |  | 19 |
| 7910752660 | trans fats | An industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. |  | 20 |
| 7910752661 | phospholipids | A class of lipids that are a major component of cell membranes. |  | 21 |
| 7910752662 | steroids | A group of cyclic organic compounds. |  | 22 |
| 7910752663 | cholesterol | An organic molecule important to cell membranes. |  | 23 |
| 7910752664 | catalysts | A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. |  | 24 |
| 7910752665 | polypeptides | A linear organic polymer made of a large number of amino acid residues bonded together. |  | 25 |
| 7910752666 | protein | Nitrogenous organic compounds made of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids. |  | 26 |
| 7910752667 | amino acids | Containing both an amino group and a carboxyl. |  | 27 |
| 7910752668 | peptide bond | When the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of another molecule and releases a water molecule. |  | 28 |
| 7910752669 | primary structure | The characteristic sequence of amino acids forming a protein. |  | 29 |
| 7910752670 | secondary structure | Three-dimensional structure of sheets among other various things. |  | 30 |
| 7910752671 | alpha helix | Common secondary structure of proteins. |  | 31 |
| 7910752672 | beta pleated sheet | Twisted pleated sheet made of beta strands connected laterally by a few backbone hydrogen bonds. |  | 32 |
| 7910752673 | tertiary structure | Overall three-dimensional structure of a protein from folding and covalent cross linking. |  | 33 |
| 7910752674 | hydrophobic interaction | Interactions between nonpolar molecules in a polar solvent. |  | 34 |
| 7910752675 | disulfide bridges | Covalent bond usually made by the coupling of two thiol groups. |  | 35 |
| 7910752676 | quaternary structure | Number and arrangement of multiple folded protein sub units. |  | 36 |
| 7910752677 | denaturation | When proteins or nucleic acids lose their quaternary, tertiary, and secondary structures because of an outside force like stress. |  | 37 |
| 7910752678 | chaperonins | Protein that helps assemble and fold other proteins. |  | 38 |
| 7910752679 | gene | A unit of heredity passed on from parents to their offspring. |  | 39 |
| 7910752680 | nucleic acids | Complex organic substance present in living cells. |  | 40 |
| 7910752681 | DNA | Self-replicating, carrier of genetic information. |  | 41 |
| 7910752682 | RNA | Carries instructions from DNA. |  | 42 |
| 7910752683 | polynucleotides | Composed of many nucleotide units. |  | 43 |
| 7910752684 | nucleotides | A nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. |  | 44 |
| 7910752685 | pyrimidine | Colorless crystalline compound with basic properties. |  | 45 |
| 7910752686 | purines | Colorless crystalline compound with basic properties forming uric acid in oxidation. |  | 46 |
| 7910752687 | ribose | A sugar of the pentose class. |  | 47 |
| 7910752688 | deoxyribose | A sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen. |  | 48 |
| 7910752689 | double helix | A pair of parallel helices around a common axis. |  | 49 |
| 7910752690 | antiparallel | Parallel but moving/oriented in opposite directions. |  | 50 |