AP World final Flashcards

8439401152	shaman	someone in some tribes, who is believed to be able to talk to spirits and cure illnesses	0
8439401153	Vassals	lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity	1
8439401154	Cuneiform	Sumerian writing	2
8439401155	Disapora	the disperse of jewish people due to force	3
8439401156	Confucius "Analects"	a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries	4
8439401157	Hijrah (Hajj)	Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina	5
8439401158	Caliphs	Mohammed's successors	6
8439401159	Dharma	In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties	7
8439401160	Mughal Empire	a period of Muslim rule of India from the 1500s to the 1700s	8
8439401161	Minarets	Slender towers of mosques	9
8439401162	Genghis Khan	Founder of the Mongol Empire.	10
8439401163	Mosques	Islamic houses of worship	11
8439401164	Kharma	consequences of actions that determine your reincarnation	12
8439401165	plebeians or plebs	Most Roman citizens belonged to the large class of people known as or?	13
8439401166	Hagia Sophia	the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian	14
8439401167	Jesus of Nazareth	Founder of Christianity	15
8439401169	stirrups	metal or leather loops that hang from a saddle and hold a rider's feet	16
8439401170	Shivah	in the Jewish faith, a seven (7) day mourning period following burial.	17
8439401171	Reincarnation	Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over.	18
8439401172	Polytheism	The belief in many gods	19
8439401173	Oracle Bones	The earliest known Chinese writing is found on these from ritual activity of the Shang period.	20
8439401174	Marco Polo	Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China.	21
8439401175	Ziggurat	A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians	22
8439401176	Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing.	23
8439401177	Julius Caesar	100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C.	24
8439401178	Middle Kingdom	the period of Egyptian history from about 2050 to 1750 BC and marked by order and stability	25
8439401179	Neo-Confucianism	A philosophy that blended Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism	26
8439401180	Shari'a	Islamic Law	27
8439401181	Mayans	Central America, biggest cities were in modern day Guatemala (south of Mexico), most powerful from	28
8439401182	Samurai	Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land.	29
8439401183	slash and burn agriculture	a farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land	30
8439401184	Fertile Crescent	an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began	31
8439513162	barbarians	the name given to outsiders by the ancient Greeks; also used by the ancient Romans	32
8439535800	Indus Valley civilization	northwest India along the Indus river that thrived before the coming of the Aryans	33
8439564286	Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro	Two of the biggest cities in the Indus valley, famous for its grid-like city planning.	34
8439580479	The Great Bath	ruins of a ceremonial bathing pool located in Mohenjo-Daro	35
8439645335	Mesopotamia	an ancient region in W Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers: now part of Iraq.	36
8439671804	Uruk	A large Sumerian city-state in Mesopotamia; has tablets with very early Sumerian scripts	37
8439696941	egalitarian	believing in the social and economic equality of all people	38
8439716224	Hammurabi	Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC)	39
8439723568	Babylonia	An ancient Mesopotamian empire that extended throughout the Fertile Crescent in the 1700s B.C.	40
8439727400	Sumer	A group of ancient city-states in southern Mesopotamia; the earliest civilization in Mesopotamia.	41
8439738075	Hammurabi Code	Eye for an Eye	42
8439746756	Kassites	a member of an ancient people who ruled Babylonia between 1520 and 1170 BC	43
8439757730	Assyrian Empire	a Mesopotamian empire around 650 B.C.E. which was known for its military might and cruelty	44
8439773222	meritocracy	a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement	45
8439800757	Ashur	Most important Assyrian god	46
8439820957	Fall of Assyrian Empire	outstretched the empire; mindset was "lost battle = end of the world," and they lost a battle	47
8440056168	The Nile River	Supported the Egyptians; regular flood pattern	48
8440126190	The Old Kingdom	First period of Egyptian civilization. 2600 B.C to 2200B.C.	49
8440132595	The Middle Kingdom	2055 bc to 1650 BC (golden age of stability) Egypt - unification, new rulers were outsiders, new pantheon of gods	50
8440141043	The New Kingdom	1539-1075 BCE	51
8440151987	Pharaoh	A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.	52
8440153685	pyramids	monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.	53
8440198082	Ra	Egyptian sun god	54
8440208601	hieroglyphics	An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds	55
8440210338	demotic script	The simplest of Egyptian script, which was almost like handwriting. It was more commonly used.	56
8440237379	Nubia	an ancient region of northeastern Africa (southern Egypt and northern Sudan) on the Nile	57
8440246043	Hyksos	a group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C. who brought military technology, which led to their loss tot Egypt later on	58
8440328741	totalitarian	A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens.	59
8440342153	Persian empire	long-lasting and wealthy empire centered in present-day Iran; allowed conquered people to keep their elites, freedom of religion, low taxes, roads, etc.	60
8440349673	Herodotus	Father of History who wrote about the Persian Wars.	61
8440367394	Achaemenid dynasty	ruled in Persia from Cyrus I to Darius III from 553 BCE-330 BCE	62
8440380665	Cyrus I	Persian king who established the Persian Empire and conquered most of Mesopotamia	63
8440387475	Darius I	King of Persia who expanded his empire to extend from the Mediterranean to the Indus River.	64
8440405666	Zoroastrianism	a Persian religion based on the belief in one god that introduced the idea of good/evil dualism. Persians didn't try to convert people AND this religion forbid slavery	65
8440429749	monotheism	belief in one god	66
8440451169	democracy	a form of government in which citizens govern themselves	67
8440453139	republic	A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting	68
8440474629	Athens	a city-state in ancient Greece; the capital of modern-day Greece	69
8442779910	Persian Wars	A series of wars between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire (5th century B.C.).	70
8442790350	parthenon	the main temple of the goddess Athena	71
8443588347	Peloponnesian War	War in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies	72
8443718124	Vedas	Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism brought by the Aryans	73
8443722607	Caste System	A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life	74
8443724572	Purusha	Soul of every living thing; his body parts symbol people in the caste system.	75
8443725752	Brahmins	a member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood.	76
8443726540	Kshatriyas	second level of the varnas in the Hindu caste system; warriors	77
8443727501	Vaisyas	third highest caste, traders, farmers, herders, merchants	78
8443727877	Sudras	a member of the worker caste, lowest of the four Hindu castes.	79
8443728721	Pariahs	Group outside the caste system; "untouchables"; includes all non-Hindus	80
8443734342	Bhagavad Gita	A book in popular Hinduism that was a response to Buddhism and made reaching moksha way easier.	81
8443736822	Mahabharata	a great Indian epic poem, reflecting the struggles of the Aryans as they moved south into India	82
8443738725	Samsara	(Hinduism and Buddhism) the endless cycle of birth and suffering and death and rebirth	83
8443740257	Moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.	84
8443743411	Upanishad	A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe.	85
8443750194	Buddha	Means "Enlightened One." He is said to have found a path for overcoming suffering.	86
8443750984	Siddhartha Gautama	Founder of Buddhism.	87
8443754410	Ashoka	a ruler of the Mauryan Empire who converted to Buddhism	88
8443755024	Maruyan Empire	First great unified state of India.	89
8443755025	The Four Noble Truths	According to Buddha, four principles for living that lead to happiness	90
8443759381	Eightfold Path	In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering	91
8443768388	Gupta Dynasty	Family who ruled India during it's golden age, advances in arts/ science.	92
8443769233	Stupas	Buddhist shrines	93
8443769862	dhamma	the essential quality or character of Buddhism	94
8443773474	Vishnu	A Hindu god considered the preserver of the world	95
8443775062	dynasty	a series of rulers from the same family	96
8449754079	Empress Wu	Empress of China during the Tang dynasty, she ruled ruthlessly and brought prosperity to China	97
8449772127	Shang Dynasty	First Chinese dynasty; established the mandate of heaven.	98
8449781230	Zhou dynasty	the imperial dynasty of China from 1122 to 221 BC; notable for the rise of Confucianism and Daoism	99
8449786978	Warring States Period	402-201 BCE, between Zhou and Qin dynasties, lack of centralized government in China	100
8449803320	Qin Dynasty	(221-207 BCE) The first centralized dynasty of China that used Legalism as its base of belief; started Great Wall	101
8449806621	Han Dynasty	dynasty from 202 B.C.- 220 A.D believed in promotion by merit not birth	102
8449814474	Sui Dynasty	After centuries of turmoil following the Han dynasty, they restored peace and order.	103
8449838189	Tang Dynasty	Ruling dynasty of China from 618 to 907; noted for its openness to foreign cultural influences.	104
8449842534	Song Dynasty	growth in commerce	105
8449852504	Yuan Dynasty	Chinese dynasty ruled by the Mongols from 1279 to 1368; best known ruler was Kublai Khan	106
8449855622	Kublai Khan	(1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.	107
8449908489	Ming Dynasty	finished Great Wall	108
8449915847	Qing Dynasty	the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries	109
8449969274	Mandate of Heaven	in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority	110
8451255625	Emperor Wen	First emperor of the Sui Dynasty who ruled according to confucian principles	111
8451276377	Filial piety	The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism.	112
8451343729	junzi	Nobleman or gentleman, Confucius's term for a person of high moral character	113
8451638184	King Phillip II	King of Macedonia; father of Alexander	114
8451644481	Alexander the Great	King of Macedonia who conquered Greece, Egypt, and Persia	115
8451648752	Black Plague	* Killed 1/3 of Europe's population * Ended the Middle Ages	116
8451666290	Hellenistic Kingdoms	Four kingdoms created after Alexander's death: Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum, Egypt	117
8451669437	hellenistic	of or relating to Greek history, culture, or art after Alexander the Great	118
8451713109	Aristotle	A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato	119
8451720203	Darius	Persian king who put satraps in place and built the Royal Road	120
8451720239	satraps	Persian administrators, usually members of the royal family, who governed a satrapy.	121
8451750908	Silk Road	Connected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture.	122
8451901609	Indian Ocean Trade	world's richest maritime trading network that was essential for the prosperity of East Africa	123
8451986650	Mahayana Buddhism	Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior.	124
8451997585	bodhisattvas	Buddhas-to-be who stayed in the world after enlightenment to help others on the path to salvation	125
8452131858	Roman Empire	an empire that, at its height, around 200 C.E., spanned the Mediterranean world and most of Europe	126
8452147432	monarchy	A government ruled by a king or queen	127
8452169544	aristocracy	group of the most wealthy and privileged	128
8452173115	Patricians	The wealthy, hereditary aristocrats during the Roman era.	129
8454651805	first triumverate	Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar	130
8455329767	Punic War	conflict between Rome and Carthage in the 200s B.C., ending in a victory for Rome	131
8455365828	Hannibal	general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War	132
8455466282	covenant	an agreement with God	133
8455870699	Abraham	Founder of Judaism	134
8455904013	Yahweh	Hebrew name for God	135
8455916047	Judea	Area where most Jews lived that was conquered by the Romans by 63 BC	136
8455929109	Jesus	Founder of Christianity	137
8455932517	Herod the Great	King of Judah at the time of Jesus' birth	138
8455980064	Messiah	A savior figure to be sent by God, awaited by the Jews.	139
8455983110	Constantinople	Capital of the Byzantine Empire	140
8456164103	Constantine	Roman emperor who ended persecution of Christians	141
8456667300	caesaropapism	The belief that the powers of church and state should be united in one person.	142
8456672224	Justinian Law	A systematic arrangement of law that clarified Roman legal principals	143