AP Biology Unit 4 Vocabulary Flashcards
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| 8406968444 | anaphase | the 4th stage of mitosis, in which chromatids are separated and and the daughter cells are moving to opposite poles of the cell. |  | 0 |
| 8406968445 | cancer | the abnormal growth of cells due to multiple factors. |  | 1 |
| 8406968446 | cell cycle | an ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from the origin of the cell to the division. |  | 2 |
| 8406968447 | cellular differentiation | the process by which a cell becomes specialized in order to perform a certain function. |  | 3 |
| 8406968448 | cell division | the reproduction of cells |  | 4 |
| 8406968449 | centrioles | the "churro"-like stuctures in an animal cell that is composed of microtubules |  | 5 |
| 8406968450 | chromosome | a cellular structure that contains genetic material |  | 6 |
| 8406968451 | crossing over | the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids in prophase 1 or meiosis |  | 7 |
| 8406968452 | crossover frequency | the further apart the chromosomes are the more likely they are to cross over, the close they are together, the chances are smaller that crossing over will occur. |  | 8 |
| 8406968453 | cyclin-dependent kinase | a protein kinase that is active only when attached to a particular cyclin |  | 9 |
| 8406968454 | cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm to form tow separate daughter cells |  | 10 |
| 8406968456 | diploid (2n) | a cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parents |  | 11 |
| 8406968457 | DNA replication | the process by which DNA molecule is copied, aka DNA synthesis. |  | 12 |
| 8406968458 | fertilization | the union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote |  | 13 |
| 8406968459 | gamete | a haploid reproductive cell (egg or sperm) |  | 14 |
| 8406968460 | haploid (n) | a cell containing only one set of chromosomes | | 15 |
| 8406968461 | homologous chromosomes | a pair of structurally identical chromosomes, one inherited from mother, the other from father |  | 16 |
| 8406968462 | interphase | a period in the cell reproduction cycle where the cell is not dividing but is preparing to divide. (organelles duplicated, cell size increase. |  | 17 |
| 8406968463 | meiosis | a tpye of sexual cell reproduction that consists of two rounds of cell division. It results in half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |  | 18 |
| 8406968464 | metaphase | the third stage of mitosis where spindle fibers are complete and are attached to chromosomes lined up on metaphase plate. |  | 19 |
| 8406968465 | mitosis | the process of nuclear division the is divided into five stages |  | 20 |
| 8406968466 | p53 | a tumor supressor gene that codes for a specific transcription promoting the synthesis of the cell cycle |  | 21 |
| 8406968467 | prophase | the first stage of mitosis in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes. |  | 22 |
| 8406968468 | somatic cell | any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm/egg |  | 23 |
| 8406968469 | telophase | the fifth/final stage of mitosis where daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis is beginning. |  | 24 |
| 8406968470 | allele | the alternate version of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects |  | 25 |
| 8406968471 | autosome | a chromosome that is not directly involved with determining sex |  | 26 |
| 8406968473 | codominence | the situation where the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in a heterozygote, this is because both alleles affect the phenotpe in separate distinguishable ways |  | 27 |
| 8406968474 | dihybrid cross | a cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for both of the characteristics being followed |  | 28 |
| 8406968475 | genomic imprinting | the phenomenon in which the allele of an offspring is depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent. |  | 29 |
| 8406968476 | genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism, a set of alleles |  | 30 |
| 8406968477 | incomplete dominance | the situation where the phenotype of a heterozygote is immediate between the phenotypes of an individuals homozygous for either allele. |  | 31 |
| 8406968478 | linkage | genes close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together |  | 32 |
| 8406968479 | monohybrid cross | a heterozygous organism crossed with a homozygous organism |  | 33 |
| 8406968480 | non-disjunction | an error in meiosis or mitosis that causes sister chromatids to not separate properly, |  | 34 |
| 8406968481 | pedigree analysis | examining the inheritance of characteristics among parents and offspring with the use of symbols |  | 35 |
| 8406968482 | phenotype | psysical representation of an allele, gene |  | 36 |
| 8406968483 | phenotypic plasticity | the ability of one genotype to product multiple phenotypes when exposed to different environments |  | 37 |
| 8406968484 | polygenetic inheritance | an additive effect of of two or more genes on a single phentypic character |  | 38 |
| 8407205579 | G1 | In interphase - cell grows rapidly, builds new organelles; also performs regular cell functions | | 39 |
| 8407215919 | G2 | The final period of interphase during which the cell prepares for mitosis. | | 40 |
| 8407224479 | G0 | A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle, sometimes reversibly. |  | 41 |
| 8407237281 | S Phase | The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. | | 42 |