AP Biology Nervous System Flashcards

6712719344	neuron	main cell of the nervous system	0
6712719345	glial cells	cells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells)	1
6712719346	cell body	contains nucleus of the neuron	2
6712719347	dendrite	receive stimuli; highly branched extensions	3
6712719348	axon	conduct and propagate impulses	4
6712719349	Schwann cell	creates the myelin sheath	5
6712719350	node of Ranvier	gap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses	6
6712719351	sensory neuron	pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain	7
6712719352	motor neuron	sends impulses to muscles to create movement	8
6712719353	interneuron	neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes	9
6712719354	resting potential	membrane potential of a neuron that is not firing, -70 mV	10
6712719355	sodium-potassium pump	protein that uses active transport to move 3 Na out of the membrane and 2 K in, which resets the neuron to resting potential	11
6712719356	action potential	rapid change in the voltage between the membrane of a neuron in response to a stimulus	12
6712719357	threshold	the voltage needed to open the voltage gated Na channels and start the unstoppable flow of Na into the cell, -55 mV	13
6712719358	depolarization	the massive influx of Na causes the cell's voltage to become less negative, all the way up to 35 mV	14
6712719359	repolarization	Na channels close and K channels open, which allows K out of cell so the cell is more negative	15
6712719360	hyperpolarization	because K channels are slow to close, the voltage reaches -80 mV, and causes the Na/K pump to reset the neuron	16
6712719361	refractory period	period where the neuron resets using the Na/K pump before a neuron can be fired again	17
6712719362	synapse	transmission of information is from one neuron to the next	18
6712719363	neurotransmitter	molecule that neurons use in synaptic transmission	19
6712719364	synaptic vesicle	hold the neurotransmitters in the presynaptic neuron	20
6712719365	postsynaptic receptor	receive neurotransmitters and open Na gated ion channels to start another action potential	21
6712719366	synaptic cleft	space between the pre and postsynaptic neurons	22
6712719367	myelin sheath	insulates the axon and speeds transmission of the impulse	23
6712719368	afferent pathway	signal received from outside your nervous system and conducted toward it	24
6712719369	efferent pathway	carry signals away from the central nervous system toward muscle cells or glandular cells	25
6712719370	dopamine	neurotransmitter that controls the brain's reward and pleasure center	26
6712719371	serotonin	neurotransmitter responsible for maintaining mood balance	27
6712719372	GABA	neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve impulse from being transmitted	28
6712719373	ion-gated channels	proteins responsible for allowing sodium or potassium to diffuse into or out of the axon	29
6712719374	sodium	ion responsible for depolarization	30
6712719375	potassium	ion responsible for repolarization	31
6712719376	calcium	ion that signals vesicles to release neurotransmitters	32