AP Biology (Campbell) Chapter 7 Flashcards

5472068498	plasma membrane	seperates the living cell from its surroundings. Contros traffic in and out of the cell. Is selectively permeable.	0
5472068499	selectively permeable	allows some substances to cross more easily than others.	1
5472068500	phospholipids	most abundant lipids	2
5472068501	lipids and proteins	main macromolecules in membranes	3
5472068502	amphipatic molecules	have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions	4
5472068503	fluid mosaic model	The arrangement of phospholipids and proteins in biological membranes is described by the...	5
5472068505	transmembrane proteins	the integral protein completely spans the membrane as span the entire lipid bilayer and protrude into both the cytosol and extracellular fluid	6
5472068506	integral proteins	proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer	7
5472068507	peripheral proteins	proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer	8
5472068508	cell-cell recognition	the ability of a cell to disitnguish one type of neighboring cell from another.	9
5472068510	transport proteins	proteins that span the membrane.	10
5472068511	channel proteins	transport proteins that have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions use as a tunnel though the membrane.	11
5472068512	aquaporins	channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water	12
5472068513	carrier proteins	transport proteins that bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane.	13
5472068514	diffusion	movement of molecules of any substance to spread out in available space	14
5472068515	concentration gradient	the region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases.	15
5472068516	passive transport	transport that requires no energy from the cell to make it happen	16
5472068517	osmosis	the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane	17
5472068518	tonicity	the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.	18
5472068519	isotonic	if a cell with no cell wall is immersed in an enviroment where there is no net movement of water across the plasma membrane. Stays the same.	19
5472068520	hypertonic	when the cell is immersed in a solution where it loses water to its environment, shrivels and probably dies.	20
5472068521	hypotonic	when a cell is immersed in a solution, water enters the cell faster than it leaves, it swells and lyses (explodes) like an overfilled water balloon.	21
5472068522	osmoregulation	the control of water balance	22
5472068523	Paramecium	is a protist that is hypertonic to the pond water in which it lives. Has contractive vacuole	23
5472068524	turgid	A plant cell with a cell wall that has a reasonable amount of pressure but is healthy.	24
5472068530	facilitated diffusion	the passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins.	25
5472068531	ion channels (gated channels)	Channels that open or close depending on the presence or abscence of an electrical, chemical, or physical stimulus.	26
5472068533	active transport	transport that requires the cell to expend metabolic energy and enables a cell to maintain internal concentrations of small molecules. Requires energy.	27
5472068534	ATP	supplies energy for most active transport (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work	28
5472068535	sodium-potassium pump	transport protein that, translocating the bound solute across the membrane. Exchanges sodium ions (Na) for potassium ions (K) across the plasma membrane of animal cells.	29
5472068537	electrochemical gradient	ions move in response to a combined concentration and electrical gradient	30
5472068538	electrogenic pumps	special transport proteins that generate the voltage gradient across a membrane. Ex. sodium potassium pump and proton pumps.	31
5472068539	sodium-potassium pump	major electrogenic pump in animals. Restores the electrochemical gradient by setting up a concentration gradient. It pumps 2 K ions for every 3 Na ions that it moves out, it generates a voltage.	32
5472068542	exocytosis	transport vesicle budded from the Golgi apparatus is moved by the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. When the 2 membranes come in contact, the bilayers fuse spill the contents.	33
5472068543	endocytosis	a cell brings in biological molecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane. 3 types: phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis.	34
5472068544	phagocytosis	a cell engulfs a particle in a vacuole. The vacuole fuses with a lysosome to digest the particle.	35
5472068545	pinocytosis	molecules are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into tiny vesicles.	36
5472068546	receptor-mediated endocytosis	endocytosis that enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific materials that may be in low concentrations in the environment.	37