AP Biology Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards

6812089364	phagocytosis	one cell engulfs a smaller organism and creates a vacuole	0
6812089380	peripheral proteins	loosely bound to surface of membrane or integral protein and receive chemical signals	1
6812089381	glycolipids	carbohydrate chain attached to a lipid and used for cell-cell recognition	2
6812089382	transport proteins	proteins that allow substances that can't diffuse across the membrane, to cross	3
6812089383	aquaporins	channel protein for water	4
6812089384	gated channels	facilitated diffusion, has a hydrophilic channel, only transports one substance	5
6812089385	passive transport	diffusion of substance across membrane with the concentration gradient without the use of energy	6
6812089386	osmosis	diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane	7
6812089387	tonicity	ability of a surounding solution to cause a cell to lose or gain water	8
6812089388	isotonic	solution and cell have same concentration	9
6812089389	hypertonic	solution is more concentrated than cell so cell loses water	10
6812089390	hypotonic	solution is less concentrated than cell so water enters cell and it explodes	11
6812089391	osmoregulation	controls solute concentrations and water balance	12
6812089392	turgid	cell in hypotonic solution makes cell swell a little and become very firm (healthy in many plants)	13
6812089393	flaccid	plants' cells and surroundings are isotonic so there is no water movement	14
6812089394	plasmolysis	cell in a hypertonic solution loses water, pulls away from cell wall, and shrivels	15
6812089395	facilitated diffusion	diffusion of polar, hydrophilic molecules through a protein w/o energy	16
6812089396	diffusion	diffusion of nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules across membrane	17
6812089397	active transport	diffusion against concentration gradient through a protein pump from low to high concentration with the use of energy.	18
6812089398	sodium potassium pump	active transport where for every three Na+ ions thrown out of cell, two K+ ions are brought in	19
6812089399	unsaturated hydrocarbon tails in a membrane...	prevent packing of phospholipids and causes fluidity which allows more flexibility(good)	20
6812089400	saturated hydrocarbon tails in a membrane...	pack together and increase viscosity making membrane too rigid (bad)	21
6812089401	proton pump	actively transports H+ ions out of the cell	22
6812089402	exocytosis	cell secretes molecules by fusing vesicle with membrane	23
6812089403	endocytosis	cell takes in large molecules by forming new vesicles out of the membrane	24
6812089406	membrane potential	voltage across a membrane	25
6812089407	pinocytosis	cells pinch in small vesicles, bringing in membrane and extracellular fluids	26
6812089409	electrochemical gradient	might accentuate or negate concentration of gradient	27
6812089413	water potential	how likely water is to move from one location to another, is mathematically the sum of pressure potential and solute potential	28
6812416480	glycoproteins	membrane proteins attached to carbohydrate chains that are used for cell-cell recognition	29
6812436823	integral proteins	Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.	30
6812496871	amphipathic	Molecules are said to be this when it has regions that are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic.	31
6812499378	concentration gradient	A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.	32
6812501790	cotransport	The coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient.	33
6812504275	electrogenic pump	A transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane, causing a net separation in charge.	34
6812508859	fluid mosaic model	The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.	35
6812512768	ion channels	channel proteins that transport ions	36
6812514261	ligand	Any molecule that bonds specifically to a receptor site of another molecule.	37
6812523911	receptor mediated endocytosis	The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances.	38
6812527206	selective permeability	A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.	39