AP Biology Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

6313727902	anatomy	study of the biological form of an organism	0
6313727903	physiology	study of the biological functions an organism performs	1
6313727904	levels of organization	1. cell 2. tissue 3. organ 4. organ system	2
6313727906	organ	one functional unit of tissues	3
6313727907	organ system	organs working together to perform a specific function	4
6313727908	tissue	a group of related cells	5
6313727913	epithelial tissue	tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities; tightly bound to form a protective layer; highly regenerative	6
6313727919	gland	a group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions	7
6313727920	connective tissue	tissue that provides support for the body and connects all its parts; has an extracellular matrix (secreted by fibroblasts) made of collagen, elastin and reticulin	8
6313727921	loose connective tissue	less packed connective tissue which makes it loose and flexible, includes adipose	9
6313727922	adipose	fat reserve cells	10
6313727923	dense connective tissue	have large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers, or both, includes tendons and ligaments	11
6313727924	tendon	connects muscle to bone	12
6313727925	ligament	connects bone to bone	13
6313727926	chondrocyte	cartilage, connects and cushions joints	14
6313727927	osteocyte	bone, calcified cells that provide sturdy support	15
6313727928	plasma	liquid part of blood	16
6313727929	erythrocyte	red blood cell	17
6313727930	leukocyte	white blood cell	18
6313727931	thrombocyte	platelet	19
6313727932	muscular tissue	tissue that moves the body and its parts; striated muscles contain actin and myosin filaments for contraction	20
6313727933	smooth muscle	involuntary, in walls of blood vessels and viscera, one nucleus	21
6313727934	skeletal muscle	voluntary, attached to bones, multinucleated, striated	22
6313727935	cardiac muscle	involuntary, single nucleated, striated, have gap junctions to link adjacent cells and help the heart perform as one unit (intercalated disks)	23
6313727936	nervous tissue	tissue that senses stimuli, integrates and analyzes them, and controls the body's response	24
6313727937	neuron	main cell of the nervous system	25
6313727938	neuroglia	cells that support neurons (ex: Schwann cells)	26
6313727939	cell body	contains nucleus of the neuron	27
6313727940	dendrite	receive stimuli; highly branched extensions	28
6313727941	axon	conduct and propagate impulses	29
6313727942	Schwann cell	support and insulates axons using a myelin sheath	30
6313727943	node of Ranvier	gap between myelin sheaths that expose the axon, help accelerate impulses	31
6313727944	saltatory conduction	rapid jumping of an impulse from node to node	32
6313727945	motor neuron	sends impulses to muscles to create movement	33
6313727946	sensory neuron	pick up stimuli from the environment and send to the brain	34
6313727947	interneuron	neurons in the CNS that communicate internally and connect sensory to motor neurons; are responsible for reflexes	35
6313727948	nervous system	system that is responsible for body intercommunication, picking up and responding to stimuli, and stimulating movement	36
6313727949	endocrine system	system that is responsible for sending out hormones that regulate homeostasis in the body	37
6313727950	muscular system	system that is responsible for carrying out voluntary movement	38
6313727951	skeletal system	system that is responsible for creating a rigid framework	39
6313727952	digestive ssytem	system that is responsible for food breakdown and nutrient absorption	40
6313727953	circulatory system	system that responsible fordistributing nutrients, oxygen and other vital materials throughout the body	41
6313727954	respiratory system	system that is responsible for gas exchange	42
6313727955	urinary system	system that is responsible for waste elimination	43
6313727956	integumentary system	system that is responsible for protecting the outer body	44
6313727957	immune system	system that is responsible for protecting the inner body from pathogens	45
6313727958	reproductive system	system that is responsible for producing gametes and reproducing	46
6313727959	homeostasis	tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state	47
6313727960	stimulus	change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react	48
6313727961	negative feedback	process that reduces stimuli to return organism to homeostasis	49
6313727962	positive feedback	process that amplifies stimuli away from homeostasis	50
6313727963	effector	organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus	51
6313727964	integrator	organ that evaluates condition change	52
6313727965	thermoregulation	process of maintaining an internal temperature within a tolerable range; adaptations for this include: - insulation (fur, blubber, feathers) - countercurrent circulation - sweating - behavioral responses (shivering) - adjustig metabolic hear production (antifreeze)	53
6313727966	endotherm	organism that is internally warmed by generating heat through metabolic processes	54
6313727967	ectotherm	organism that is externally warmed by behaviors	55
6313743119	LH	The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is	56
6313745914	FSH	an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the follicles in females and the function of the seminiferous tubules in males	57
6313749135	TSH	increases release of thyroid hormone	58
6313752061	Growth Hormone	hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones	59
6313768242	Adrenaline	hormone responsible for the fight or flight response; increased heart rate and breathing	60
6313768243	epinephrine	Adrenaline	61
6313770035	acetylcholine	A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction	62