AP Biology Functional Groups Flashcards

7443639766	Phosphate Group	consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It is usually ionized and attached to the carbon skeleton by one of its oxygen atoms. ATP, DNA, & RNA component	0
7443639767	Amino Group	composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton. It acts as a base by picking up H+ from a solution. Organic compounds with an amino group are called amines. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain a carboxyl and an amino group.	1
7443639768	Carbonyl Group	a carbon atom is linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom. If the carbon of the carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the compound is called an aldehyde; if it is within the chain, the compound is called a ketone.	2
7443639769	Hydroxyl Group	consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton. Ethanol and other organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups are called alcohols.	3
7443639770	Sulfhydryl	consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen. These groups can cross link and help to fold proteins, when present.	4
7443639771	Carboxyl Group	-COOH. These are a source of H. Considered an acids & polar.	5
7443639772	Methyl	consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogens. Compounds with these groups are called methylated compounds. When combined with DNA or RNA, they affect DNA function and gene expression	6