AP Biology || Cell Cycle Flashcards

6004937829	G0	Cells like nerve and muscle cells that permanently lose the ability to divide and remains in this phase	0
6004937830	Cyclin	A kind of protein that regulates the cell cycle	1
6004937831	Internal Regulators	Proteins that make sure that that cell doesn't undergo mitosis until certain conditions are met	2
6004937832	External Regulators	Growth factors that have the ability to speed up, slow down, or stop the cell cycle	3
6004937833	G1	(First Gap Phase) Cell enters this phase after completing mitosis. Cell increases in size and prepares to replicate CHECKPOINT: If the cell 1) is healthy 2) has enough resources If the DNA 1) Is undamaged Otherwise, cell dies or enters G0. Moves onto the S phase	4
6004937834	S	DNA is synthesized thru replication	5
6004937835	G2	(Second Gap Phase) Cell produces organelles and other stuff for the two new functioning daughter cells. CHECKPOINT: DNA fully replicated and checked for errors. Contains no damage. Cell can then enter mitosis and divide.	6
6004937836	Interphase	Contains G1, S, and G2 Cell mostly spends time in this phase. Chromosomes replicate in preparation for cell division.	7
6004937837	Mitosis	Contains PMAT Is the actual division of the nucleus Used for cell growth and repair in animals. Plants use it for growth or repair. 1n -> 1n or 2n -> 2n	8
6004937838	Prophase	Chromosomes condense and become visible Nucleoli disappears Spindle fibers form Centrioles begin to migrate towards poles Nucleus membrane begins to disintegrate	9
6004937839	Metaphase	Chromosomes line up, single file Centrosomes are at opposite poles Spindle fibers run from centrosomes to centromeres	10
6004937840	Anaphase	Centromeres of each chromosome separates and spindle fibers begin to pull the sister chromosomes apart Is the shortest phase of mitosis	11
6004937841	Telophase	Chromosomes cluster at opposite ends of the cell Nuclear membrane re-forms Chromosomes unravel	12
6004937842	Cytokinesis	Division of the cytoplasm	13
6004937843	Why do cells divide?	As cells increase in volume, surface area decreases and the demand for material resources, limiting cell size	14
6004937844	Are larger cells or smaller cells more favorable?	Smaller cells have a more favorable surface area-to-volume ratio, which is better for exchange of mater	15
6004937845	The cell cycle...	...switches between interphase and cell division	16