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AP Biology Campbell Ch 21 Flashcards

The Genetic Basis of Development

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5974801188model organismorganism choosen for study0
5974801189embryonic developmentgives rise to cells of different types and higher level structures1
5974801190cell divisionmany mitotic cell devisions, the zygote gives rise to a large number of cells2
5974801191cell differentiationcells become specialized in structure and function3
5974801192morhogenesisthe biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape4
5974801194totipotentdescribing a cell that can give rise to all parts of an organism5
5974801195somatic cellsany cells that are not your sex cells6
5974801196cloningmaking a geniticall identical individual7
5974801197nuclear transplantationremoves the nucleus of an infertilized eff cell or zygote and replace it with the nucleus of a differentiated cell8
5974801199reproductive cloningthe goal to reproduce new indivuals9
5974801200stem cellunspecialized cell that can divide during a single division into one identical daughter cells10
5974801201therapeutic cloningwhen a major aim of cloning is to produce embryonic stem cells to treat disease11
5974801202cell determinationstem cells become committed to develop into only one type of cell12
5974801204cytoplasmic determinantsmaternal substances in egg that influence the course of early development.13
5974801206embryonic lethalmutations with phenotype causing death at the the embryonic or larval stage14
5974801208segmentation genesgap genes, pair rules genes, segment polarity15
5974801209homeotic genesthe anatomical identity of the segments is set by this master regulatory gene16
5974801210transcriptional regulationturning off and on of specific genes17
5974801211cell lineagethe ancestry of a cell18
5974801212cell signalinghelps direct daughter cells down the appropriate pathways19
5974801213apoptosisprogrammed cell death20
5974801214chimeraorganism with a mixture of genetically different cells21
5974801215organ identity genesplant homeotic genes that use positional information to determine which emerging leaves develop into which tpes of floral organs22
5974801216homeobox180 nucleotide sequence withing homeotic genes and some other developmental genes that is widely conserved in animals23
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