AP Biology--CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

7300452328	Macromolecules	Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids	0
7300452333	Hydrolysis	Pocess that is the reverse of dehydration synthesis. In __________, or water breakage, the bond between monomers is broken by the addition of a water molecule.	1
7300452334	Dehydration synthesis	Reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded, with the loss of a water molecule	2
7300452336	Polymers	Long molecules consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.	3
7300452337	Glycosidic linkage	In carbohydrates, monosaccharides are joined together in a covalent bond called __________ _______.	4
7300452338	Monosaccharides	Carbohydrates polysaccharides are made up of _______________.	5
7300452339	Monosaccharide	EX: monomer Glucose	6
7300452340	Disaccharide	Two monosaccharides covalently bonded form a ____________. EX: Sucrose	7
7300452341	Polysaccharide	Three or more monosaccharides linked together form a ______________.	8
7300452343	Cellulose	example of a structural carbohydrates	9
7300452345	Glycogen	Stored carbohydrate/polysaccharide in animals	10
7300452346	starch	stored carbohydrate/polysaccharide in plants	11
7300452348	Lipids	Cushioning of organs, insulation, and energy storage are three functions of ___________.	12
7300452350	Unsaturated fats	Fats with one or more double covalent bonds, which is less likely to solidify and more flexible.	13
7300452351	Phospholipid	Basic structural component of cell membranes, with a polar/hydrophilic head region and a nonpolar/hydrophobic tail region, giving membranes their selective permeability.	14
7300452352	Steroid	Lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of hydrogen-fused rings.	15
7300452353	HDL	Good cholesterol is called ___ ____________. HINT: Keep your ____ HIGH :-)	16
7300452354	LDL	The bad cholesterol, which can harden in arteries. HINT: Keep your ____ LOW :-)	17
7300452356	Amino acid	The monomer in a protein is a(n) _____ ____.	18
7300452357	Amino; carboxyl; R	Amino acids are formed of a(n) _____ group with a(n) ________ group and a(n) _ group side chain.	19
7300452358	20	# different amino acids which can assemble according to genetic code to make different proteins.	20
7300452360	Polypeptide	The polymer in a protein is a(n) ___________.	21
7300452361	3D structure	The amino acid sequence ultimately determine the __ _________ of proteins.	22
7300452362	Structure	A protein's _________ determines its function.	23
7300452363	Primary	At the _______ level of protein structure, a linear sequence of amino acids is joined by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide.	24
7300452364	Secondary	At the _________ level of protein structure, hydrogen bonds form between the partial positive hydrogen atom of amine groups and the partial negative oxygen atom of carboxyl groups.	25
7300452365	β Pleated Sheet	__ ___________ ______________ are a secondary structure found in proteins.	26
7300452366	α Helix	___ ___________ are a secondary structure found in proteins.	27
7300452367	Tertiary	At the ________ level of protein structure, various chemical associations in precise regions of a polypeptide cause it to fold into a 3D shape that will determine its function.	28
7300452368	Quaternary	At the __________ level of protein structure, 2 to 4 completely formed polypeptides combine.	29
7300452369	Sickle cell anemia	In this disease, one amino acid at the primary level (valine) replaces glutamic acid and the result is a distorted shape at the subsequent levels.	30
7300452371	Receptor	________ proteins are embedded in all membranes and allow cells to interact with molecules and other cells.	31
7300452375	Denaturation	Excessive heat can cause ____________, in which a protein unravels and loses its native shape.	32
7300452376	Chaperonins	Assist in the proper folding of the protein by keeping the polypeptide segregated from disruptive chemical conditions in the cytoplasmic and create a hydrophilic environment for folding polypeptides	33
7300452377	Nucleotides	Nucleic acids are composed of ___________.	34
7300452378	Polynucleotide	The polymer in a nucleic acid is a(n) ______________.	35