AP Biology Unit 4.6 - Meiosis Flashcards

9450659531	Haploid	a cell that has only a single copy of each chromosome (n)	0
9450659532	Diploid	a cell that contains two copies of each chromosome (2n)	1
9450659533	Somatic Cells	Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells; body cells	2
9450659534	Gametes	sex (= germ) cells (sperm and egg)	3
9450659535	Homologous Chromosomes	pairs of chromosomes that have the same size and same sets of genes; one of each pair comes from each parent	4
9450659536	Fertilization	Fusion of an egg and sperm cell to form a zygote.	5
9450659537	Zygote	Diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg.	6
9450659538	Mitosis	A process in which cells are divided to produce two identical diploid cells	7
9450659539	Meiosis	A reduction-division process in which a single diploid cell produces four haploid gametes	8
9450659540	Meiosis I	Stage of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes separate	9
9450659541	Meiosis II	Stage of meiosis in which sister chromatids separate; results in formation of 4 haploid sex cells.	10
9450659542	Gametogenesis	The production of gametes; forms 4 sperm in males, 1 egg and 3 polar bodies in females.	11
9450659543	Sperm	Haploid male gamete	12
9450659544	Egg	Haploid female gamete.	13
9450659545	Polar Bodies	3 cells produced during female gametogenesis that have little more than DNA that are eventually broken down; do not become eggs.	14
9450659546	Crossing Over	Exchange/swapping of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I	15
9450670068	Tetrad	Each pair of homologous chromosomes that come together during Prophase I of Meiosis	16
9450672253	Synapsis	The side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis; forming of tetrads.	17
9450675329	Chiasmata	Points where chromatids cross-over during meiosis	18
9450677494	Independent Assortment	The law stating that pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis.	19