AP Biology - basic chemistry Review Flashcards

4836916632	hydrogen bond	slight attraction between Hydrogen of one atom and N, F, or O on another. Represented by dotted lines	0
4836916643	matter	anything that has mass and takes up space	1
4836916644	compound	substance consisting of two or more elements	2
4836916645	element	substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions	3
4836916646	atomic nucleus	made up of protons (+) and neutrons (0);	4
4836916647	atomic number	number of protons; determines an element	5
4836916648	mass number	protons + neutrons	6
4836916649	radioactive isotope	unstable nucleus due to high number of neutrons. breaks down at a rate called a half-life	7
4836916652	valence electrons	# electrons in outer shell of atom	8
4836916653	covalent bond	share a pair of electrons to fill outer shell	9
4836916654	ionic bond	transfer of electron(s) from one molecule to another to fill outer shell	10
4836916657	electronegativity	attraction of an atom for the electrons of covalent bond	11
4836916658	polar covalent bond	electrons not shared equally between two atoms due to differences in electronegativity	12
4836916660	ion	charged atom	13
4836916661	van der Waals	weak attraction due to asymmetrical electron arrangement AKA London Dispersion Forces	14
4836916662	chemical reaction	making/breaking of chemical bonds which changes matter composition	15
4836916663	chemical equilibrium	forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate	16
4836916671	acid	substance that increases H+ concentration	17
4836916672	base	substance that reduces the H+ concentration	18
4836916673	pH scale	measure the amount of H+ concentration using a log scale	19
4836916674	buffer	substance that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid/base are added	20
4836948918	atomic mass	average of the masses of all the isotopes of an element in nature	21
4836957893	Redox	a reaction in which electrons or H atoms are transferred between atoms (oxidation/reduction)	22