AP Biology - Nervous System MHS Flashcards

7835532568	neuron	nerve cells	0
7835532569	nerve	bundle of neurons	1
7835532570	dendrites	receive chemical signals and converts to electrical single	2
7835532571	axon	one end has receptor, other has axon terminals	3
7835532572	synapse	axon terminals: connects to neurons or muscles	4
7835532573	schwann cell	form myelin sheath	5
7835532574	myelin sheath	fatty tissue: make action potential faster as it jumps from node to node	6
7835532575	saltatory conduction	in a myleinated axon, ions of nerve impulse jump from node (of Ranvier) to node	7
7835532576	pathway of signal in nervous system	stimulus-> sensory receptor -> sensory neurons -> interneurons (control center) -> motor neurons -> muscle	8
7835532577	central nervous system	brain, spinal cord: analyzing, interpreting info	9
7835532578	peripheral nervous system	nerves entering into & extending from the CNS	10
7835532579	somatic	PNS: consciously controlled: to/from skeletal muscles, skin	11
7835532580	autonomic	PNS: function w/out your control: smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands	12
7835532581	sensory neuron	gets info from surroundings: sense neurons -> CNC (afferent)	13
7835532582	motor neuron	relays commands from CNC to skeletal muscles/glands (Efferent)	14
7835532583	sympathetic	branch of autonomic nervous system: excites (stress), "fight or flight" response; norepinephrine	15
7835532584	parasympathetic	branch of autonomic nervous system: promotes relaxed state, "rest & digest"; acetylcholine	16
7835532585	reflex arc or pathway	autonomic response to stimuli w/out thought: excite sensory receptors -> spinal cord -> motor neuron	17
7835532586	resting potential	membrane of -70mv: channels shut off, not letting homeostasis sodium external (more positive) potassium internal (less positive) Na+/K+ pumps maintain potential	18
7835532587	Na+/K+ pumps	use ATP to maintain potential; pumps two K+ in & three Na+ out	19
7835532588	Action Potential	reversal of voltage difference across membrane: +30mv sodium channels open, Na+ in sodium channels close while K+ channels open K+ flow out of neuron	20
7835532589	depolarization	Na+ Channels open, K+ are closed: change in polarity of membrane potential, from -70mv to +40mv	21
7835532590	repolarization	decrease in membrane potential: K+ channels open, Na+ channels are closed	22
7835532591	sodium & potassium channel	voltage-gated ion channel	23
7835532592	refractory period	K+ channels close slower, can't send another signal for a moment	24
7835532593	threshold	around -40mv; stimulus must be strong enough; "all or nothing" principal	25
7835532594	axon terminal	the end of an axon; where a synapse occurs	26
7835532595	neurotransmitters	Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons: held in vesicles	27
7835532596	synaptic cleft	space between nerons, nerotransmitters float here	28
7835532597	exocytosis	neurotransmitter vesicles bind to pre-synaptic membrane and expel neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft	29
7835532598	EPSP (excitatory post-synaptic potential)	open Na+ gates on post-synaptic membrane; continues action potential	30
7835532599	IPSP (inhibitory post-synaptic potential)	opens K+ gates on post-synaptic membrane; stops action potential	31
7835532600	synaptic integration	sum of excitory/inhibitory: amplify, dampen, cancel signal	32
7835532601	medulla oblongata	controls breathing, heart rate, digestive system	33
7835532602	pons	accessory portion, controls breathing	34
7835532603	cerebellum	controls movement, balance and coordination	35
7835532604	cerebrum	part of forebrain: regulates conscious functions of the body such as thought and reasoning and perception of stimuli	36
7835532605	cerebral cortex	memory	37
7835532606	hypothalamus	regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst: homeostasis	38
7835532607	interneurons	with highly-branched dendrites found within the CNS; convey messages between parts of the CNS	39
7835532608	hyperpolarization (overshoot or undershoot)	more K+ have moved out of the cell than is actually necessary to establish the resting potential.	40
7835532609	Steps of an Action Potential	1. Resting Potential 2. Depolarization 3. Repolarization 4 Refractory Period	41
7835532610	Nodes of Ranvier	gaps in the mylein sheath; space between schwann cells	42
7835532611	examples of neurotransmitters	acetylcholine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, seratonin, GABA,	43