AP Biology Unit 1 - Chapter 4- Carbon Flashcards
What You Should Learn From This Chapter:
1. Be able to recognize isomers and what type they are.
2. Know the seven functional groups and what properties they give to molecules.
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 8088575512 | Organic Chemistry | The study of carbon compounds. | 0 | |
| 8088575513 | Carbon's Versatility | Forms 4 covalent bonds that lead to a tetrahedral shape. Also, it can bond easily with itself. | 1 | |
| 8088575514 | Major Elements of Organic Molecules | Carbon:+4 or -4, Hydrogen:+1, Oxygen:-2, Nitrogen:-3 | 2 | |
| 8088575515 | Hydrocarbons | Organic molecules made of only carbon and hydrogen. | 3 | |
| 8088575516 | Isomers | Compounds that have the same molecular formula but have different structures, resulting in different chemical and molecular properties. | 4 | |
| 8088575517 | Types of Isomers | Structural, Cis-Trans, and Enantiomers | 5 | |
| 8088575518 | Structural Isomers | Different in covalent arrangements of their atoms. |  | 6 |
| 8088575519 | Cis-Trans Isomers | Same covalent partnership but different in spatial arrangements. They arise from the inflexibility of double bonds. |  | 7 |
| 8088575520 | Enantiomer Isomer | Molecules that are mirror images of each other. Usually involve an asymmetric carbon. |  | 8 |
| 8088575521 | Importance of Variations | Organisms are sensitive to even the most subtle variations in molecular architecture. | 9 | |
| 8088575522 | Functional Groups | A group of atoms attached to a carbon skeleton that have consistent properties. Their number and kind give properties to the molecule. |  | 10 |
| 8088575523 | Hydroxyl Groups | A hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom that is very polar, allowing the material to be hydrophillic. They form alcohols. (-OH) |  | 11 |
| 8088575524 | Carbonyl Group | A carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond. Aldehydes and Ketones are the two types of compounds in this group. (-C=O) |  | 12 |
| 8088575525 | Aldehyde | A carbonyl group at the end of a carbon skeleton. Sometimes written as (-CHO). Looks like: -C=O | H |  | 13 |
| 8088575526 | Ketones | A carbonyl group in the middle of a carbon chain. -C-C-C- || O |  | 14 |
| 8088575527 | Carboxyl Groups | Group with a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and a hydroxyl group. They are acidic and make up Carboxylic Acid. Sometimes written as (-COOH) -C=O | O-H |  | 15 |
| 8088575528 | Amino Group | Nitrogen Bonded to two hydrogens. They form compound called amines and act as bases. -N-H | H |  | 16 |
| 8088575529 | Sulfhydryl Group | Sulfur bonded to a hydrogen. This forms compounds called thiols that help with protein structure. (-SH) |  | 17 |
| 8088575530 | Phosphate Group | Phosphorous with four oxygen atoms that causes a net -2 charge. Sometimes written as "Pi", and involved with energy transfers. Also is acidic. (-PO4) |  | 18 |
| 8088575531 | Methyl Group | Carbon bonded to three hydrogens. It is very non polar and therefore hydrophobic. (-CH3) |  | 19 |
| 8088575532 | ATP cycle | How a cell regenerates its ATP supply. ADP forms when ATP loses a phosphate group, then ATP forms as ADP gains a phosphate group. |  | 20 |
| 8088575533 | ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work |  | 21 |