AP Biology Ch 16: Mutation Types Flashcards
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| 8692771653 | Mutation | a change in the genetic material of a cell; cause by a mistake during DNA replication. |  | 0 |
| 8692771654 | Gene Mutations | changes to a single gene. |  | 1 |
| 8692771655 | Point Mutation | involve changes in one or a few nucleotides/bases. | | 2 |
| 8692771656 | Substitution Mutation | one base is changed to a different base (May or may not affect the amino acid due to redundancy in the genetic code). |  | 3 |
| 8692771657 | Insertion | adds a new base to the DNA sequence |  | 4 |
| 8692771658 | Deletion | removes a base from the DNA sequence |  | 5 |
| 8692771659 | Frameshift Mutation | caused by insertions and deletions that changes the reading sequence. Usually causes a significant change in the amino acid sequence. |  | 6 |
| 8692771660 | Chromosomal mutation | change in the number or structure of a chromosome. Change the location of genes on a chromosome Change the number of copies of genes. | | 7 |
| 8692771661 | What are the four chromosomal mutations? | Deletion Duplication Inversion Translocation |  | 8 |
| 8692771662 | Duplication | extra copy of all or part of a chromosome |  | 9 |
| 8692771663 | Inversion | part of a chromosome switches direction. |  | 10 |
| 8692771664 | Translocation | part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. |  | 11 |
| 8692771666 | Chromosomal Disorders | entire chromosomes, or large segments of them are missing or duplicated. |  | 12 |
| 8692771667 | Nondisjunction | chromosomes do not separate during meiosis; extra or missing chromosomes. |  | 13 |
| 8692771668 | Reciprocal Translocation | part of a chromosome breaks off an attaches to another chromosome, but in this case it is equal amounts between homologous chromosomes. AKA Crossing over- totally normal | 14 | |
| 8692771669 | Silent mutation | mutations in DNA that do not significantly alter the phenotype of the organism in which they occur |  | 15 |
| 8692771670 | trisomy | there are three copies of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two |  | 16 |
| 8692771671 | monosomy | the condition of having a diploid chromosome complement in which one (usually the X) chromosome lacks its homologous partner. |  | 17 |
| 8692771674 | Karyotype | the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species. |  | 18 |
| 8692771676 | Mutagen | an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation. |  | 19 |