AP Biology Chapter 20: Biotechnology Flashcards

6895197365	Recombinant DNA	DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources	0
6895197366	Biotechnology	A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.	1
6895197367	Plasmids	Small rings of DNA found naturally in some bacterial cells in addition to the main bacterial chromosome. Can contain genes for antibiotic resistance, or other "contingency" functions.	2
6895197368	Gene Cloning	The production of multiple copies of a gene.	3
6895197369	Restriction enzymes	Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides	4
6895197370	Sticky end	A single-stranded end of a double-stranded DNA restriction fragment.	5
6895197371	DNA Ligase	A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain.	6
6895197372	Cloning vector	DNA molecules that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and replicate there.	7
6895197373	Complimentary DNA (cDNA)	is made from mRNA by reverse transcriptase	8
6895197374	polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme DNA polymerase	9
6895197375	gel electrophoresis	Procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments by placing a mixture of DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and applying an electrical voltage to the gel	10
6895197376	southern blotting	A hybridization technique that enables researchers to determine the presence of certain nucleotide sequences in a sample of DNA.	11
6895197377	reverse transcriptase- PCR	An enzyme encoded by some certain viruses (retroviruses) that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis.	12
6895197378	Genetic profile	An individual's unique set of genetic markers, detected most often today by PCR or, previously, by electrophoresis and nucleic acid probes.	13