AP Biology - Cell Membrane & Transport Flashcards

Campbell's Ch 6, 7: structure and function, prokaryotes v eukaryotes, mvmnt of substances, protein function. Also Cliff's AP Bio 4th ed., Ch 3: Cells.

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7731236564	plasma membrane	separates internal metabolic event; controls mvmnt of materials	0
7731236567	selectively permeable	allows: small, unchanged, polar molecules; hydrophobic molecules blocks: large polar molecules; ions	1
7731236568	integral proteins	imbedded in bilipid layer	2
7731236569	peripheral proteins	attached to membrane surface	3
7731236570	channel proteins	passage for hydrophillic substances	4
7731236571	aquaporins	channel proteins; increase rate of H20 passage	5
7731236572	ion channels	ions; gated channels	6
7731236573	gated channels	open and close in response to stimuli EX: nerve and muscle cells	7
7731236574	carrier proteins	specific molecules bind, changing protein shape	8
7731236575	transport proteins	use ATP (active transport) EX: sodium-potassium pump	9
7731236576	recognition proteins	unique identification; glycoproteins EX: blood types	10
7731236577	receptor proteins	provide binding sites; activates specific cell response	11
7731236578	cholesterol	stability to animal cells; @ high T=maintain firmness, @ low T=allows flexibility	12
7731236609	extracellular matrix	(animal cells only) mechanical support, helps bind adjacent cells	13
7731236611	hypertonic	solute hypertonic to solution=higher [solutes]	14
7731236612	hypotonic	solute hypotonic to solution=lower [solutes]	15
7731236613	isotonic	[solute]=[solution]	16
7731236614	passive transport	[higher] to [lower]; increases w/ increase in [x], temp., smaller particle size	17
7731236615	diffusion	random mvmnt leads to net mvmnt from [high] to [low]	18
7731236616	osmosis	diffusion of water across selectively permeable mmbrn	19
7731236617	turgor pressure	osmosis into cell	20
7731236618	plasmolysis	osmosis out of cell	21
7731236619	cell lysis	swelling of cell b/c excess turgor pressure	22
7731236620	facilitated diffusion	diffusion through channel or carrier proteins	23
7731236621	active transport	[lower] to [higher]; requires use of E (usually ATP)	24
7731236622	electrochemical gradient	combo. of concentration and electrical voltage gradients of ions	25
7731236623	cotransport	protein that allows downhill mvmt to drive another uphill; E for uphill from [gradient] from downhill	26
7731236624	vesicular transport	uses vesicles to move substances across plasma mmbrn	27
7731236625	exocytosis	fuse w/ membrane, release contents outside cell	28
7731236626	endocytosis	capture substance outside cell, fuse w/ membrane, release contents into cell; 3 types: phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated	29
7731236627	phagocytosis	cellular eating; undissolved material enters cell; forms phagocytic vesicle	30
7731236628	pinocytosis	cellular drinking; dissolved material enters cell; forms liquid vesicle	31
7731236629	receptor-mediated endocytosis	specific molec. (ligands) binds to site, resulting in pinocytosis	32