Campbell AP Biology: CHAPTER 7 Flashcards

7817570003	plasma membrane	a microscopic membrane of phospholipids and proteins that form the external boundary and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm.	0
7817570004	selectively permeable	means it allows some substances to cross it more easily than others	1
7817570005	phospholipids	The plasma membrane is made up of these lipid molecules. The phosphate head is the negatively-charged polar head, which is hydrophilic. The 2 fatty acid chain/tails are the uncharged, nonpolar tails, which are hydrophobic.	2
7817570008	transmembrane proteins	integral protein completely spans the membrane.	3
7817570009	integral proteins	proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer.	4
7817570010	peripheral proteins	proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer (Peripheral = of, relating to, or situated on the edge.	5
7817570011	cell-cell recognition	is one of the ways by which cells communicate with one another. It is possible through specific cellular adhesion molecules on the surface of the cell.	6
7817570013	channel proteins	transport proteins that certain molecules or ions use as a tunnel to cross the plasma membrane.	7
7817570015	carrier proteins	transport proteins that bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane.	8
7817570016	diffusion	the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.	9
7817570018	passive transport	transport that requires no energy input from the cell	10
7817570019	osmosis	the diffusion of water across a the cell membrane	11
7817570021	isotonic	Water enters and leaves the cell at the same rate, so no net change in the osmotic pressere. The cell stays the same.	12
7817570022	hypertonic	when the cell is immersed in a hypertonic solution where it loses water to its environment, shrivels and probably dies.	13
7817570023	hypotonic	when a cell is immersed in a Hypotonic solution, water enters the cell faster than it leaves, it swells and lyses (explodes) like an overfilled water balloon.	14
7817570024	osmoregulation	the control of solute concentrations and water balance	15
7817570025	Paramecium	a single-celled organism that lives in pond water. It has a contractile vacuole that pumps out excess water from the organism.	16
7817570026	turgid	when the plant cell is very firm, which is a healthy state for most plant cells.	17
7817570027	flaccid	limp, not firm or strong (If a plant is not watered enough, its leaves become droopy and flaccid.)	18
7817570028	plasmolysis	This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact. The plasma membrane pulls away from the wall; causes the plant to wilt	19
7817570029	facilitated diffusion	the passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient H-->L, with the help of transport proteins.	20
7817570031	active transport	to pump molecules across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient L--> H, requires energy (ATP)	21
7817570032	sodium-potassium pump	transport protein that, translocating the bound solute across the membrane. Exchanges sodium ions (Na) for potassium ions (K) across the plasma membrane of animal cells.	22
7817570033	proton pumps	A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that is capable of moving protons (H+) across the membrane.	23
7817570035	endocytosis	Type of Bulk Transport--process of actively transporting large molecules into the cell by engulfing it with its membrane.	24
7817570034	exocytosis	Type of Bulk Transport--fusion of a vesicle's membrane with the cell membrane and releasing its contents to the outside	25
7817570036	phagocytosis	the ingestion of bacteria or other material by cells such as amoebas. "Cell Eating"	26
7817570037	pinocytosis	the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. "Cell Drinking"	27
7817570038	receptor-mediated endocytosis	is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, other proteins - and in some cases viruses - (endocytosis) by the inward budding of the plasma membrane vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in.	28