AP Biology: Chapter 15 (chromosomal inheritance) Flashcards

8525510791	chromosome theory of inheritance	a basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns	0
8525510792	wild type	an individual with the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the phenotype itself	1
8525510793	sex-linked gene	a gene located on a sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome), resulting in a distinctive pattern of inheritance	2
8525510794	duchenne muscular dystrophy	a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue	3
8525510795	hemophila	a human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury	4
8525510796	linked genes	genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together	5
8525510797	genetic recombination	general term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent	6
8525510798	parental type	an offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes; also refers to the phenotype itself	7
8525510799	recombinant type (recombinant)	an offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the parents; also refers to the phenotype itself	8
8525510800	crossing over	the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis	9
8525510801	genetic map	an ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome	10
8525510802	linkage map	a genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes	11
8525510803	map units	a unit of measurement of the distance between genes. one map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency	12
8525510804	cytogenic maps	a chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope	13
8525510805	nondisjunction	an error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other	14
8525510806	aneuploidy	a chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or deficient in number	15
8525510807	monosomic	referring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two	16
8525510808	trisomic	referring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two	17
8525510809	polyploidy	a chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. it is the result of an accident of cell division	18
8525510810	deletion	a deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage; a mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene	19
8525510811	duplication	an aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated	20
8525510812	inversion	an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated	21
8525510813	translocation	an aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome	22
8525510814	down syndrome	a human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects	23
8525510815	klinefelter syndrome	XXY, people with this disorder have male sex organs, but the testes are abnormally small and the man is sterile	24
8525510816	turner syndrome	XO, people with this disorder are phenotypically female, they are sterile because their sex organs do not mature	25