AP Biology Cellular Respiration Vocabulary Flashcards

6590183762	cellular respiration	∙the process of extracting energy from those carbohydrates, provide free energy ∙occurs in the mitochondria	0
6590183763	phosphorylation	-energy + P + ADP →ATP -Examples: substrate level & oxidative	1
6590183764	substrate level phosphorylation	∙a phosphate group and its associated energy are transferred to ADP to form ATP. ∙substrate molecule donates a high energy phosphate group Example: glycolysis (initial breakdown process of glucose)	2
6590183765	oxidative phosphorylation definition	∙combination of ETC and chemiosmosis that are the main energy production of ATP in Cellular Respiration	3
6590183766	ETC diagram		4
6590183767	aerobic respiration	When oxygen is available, cells generate ATP using this method 1) glycolysis 2) Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) 3) oxidative phosphorylation	5
6590183768	anaerobic respiration	∙When oxygen is NOT available, cells will generate ATP using this method 1) alcohol fermentation 2) lactic acid fermentation	6
6590183769	catabolism of molecules	Macromolecules are broken down to release energy. Proteins-Lipids-Carbohydrates	7
6590183770	glycolysis	the decomposition (lysis) of glucose (glyco) to pyruvate (or pyruvate acid) 1 glucose → 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 2 net ATP molecules	8
6590183771	NADH	a coenzyme that is an electron carrier when NAD⁺ combines with 2 energy rich e⁻ and H⁺	9
6590183772	Krebs Cycle/CAC Citric Acid	∙details what happens to pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis -Occurs 2x since there are 2 pyruvate molecules formed by glycolysis -Produced (after 2 cycles): 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂, 2 ATP, 4 CO₂	10
6590183773	oxidative phosphorylation	∙process of producing ATP from NADH & FADH₂. that pass along the electron transport chain	11
6590183774	electron transport chain def+pic	∙consists of proteins that pass the electrons from NADH and FADH₂ from one carrier protein (i.e. cytochromes) to the next ∙Final e⁻ acceptor is oxygen	12
6590183775	cytochrome C	∙a carrier protein which is so common among living organisms that its amino acid sequence is compared among species to assess genetic relatedness	13
6590183776	mitochondria	∙cellular respiration takes place ∙inner membrane ∙matrix	14
6590183777	inner membrane	∙double phospholipid bilayer, has convolutions called cristae ∙oxidative phosphorylation occurs here ∙ETC removes e⁻ from NADH & FADH₂ and transports H⁺ ions from the patrix to intermediate space	15
6590183778	matrix	∙fluid material that fills the area inside the inner membrane. ∙Krebs cycle and conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occur here	16
6590183779	ATP synthase	∙a channel protein in the inner membrane, allows protons in the intermembrane compartment to flow back into the matrix to generate ATP	17
6590183780	chemiosmosis	ATP generation that occurs when energy is stored in the form of a proton concentrating gradient across a membrane using ATP synthase	18
6590183781	30-32	How many ATP molecules does cellular respiration produced? Write as __ -__	19
6590183782	alcohol fermentation	∙pyruvate to acetaldehyde to ethanol ∙occurs in: plans, fungi (yeast), and bacteria	20
6590183783	anaerobic respiration objective	∙replenish NAD⁺ so that glycolysis can proceed once again because in the absence of O₂, all the NAD⁺ is bottled up in NADH because oxidative phosphorylation cannot accept the e⁻ of NADH without oxygen.	21
6590183784	lactic acid fermentation	∙A pyruvate is converted to lactate (or lactic acid); in the process, NADH gives up its e⁻ to from NAD⁺	22