AP biology chapter 8 photosynthesis Flashcards

8237897748	Photosynthesis	Process that converts solar energy into chemical energy	0
8237897749	Autotrophs	Consume energy from the sun	1
8237897750	Heterotrophs	Obtain their organic molecules from other organisms (You and I)	2
8237897751	are capable of synthesizing their own food from inorganic substances using light as an energy source.	photoautotrauphs	3
8237897752	almost all heterotrophs depend on ______ for food and H2O	photoautotrophs	4
8237897753	Chlorohpyll is in the membrane of the _____	thylakoids	5
8237897754	Stroma	a dense interior fluid	6
8237897755	Granum/Grana	thylakoids are stacked into columns called grana/granum(plural)	7
8237897756	Reactants and products of photosynthesis	6 CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy -----> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6 H2O	8
8237897757	chloroplasts split H2O into	hydrogen and oxygen and electrons	9
8237897758	photosynthesis is a redox process in which _____ is oxidized and ______ is reduced	H2O CO2	10
8237897759	wavelength	distance between crests of waves	11
8237897760	photosynthesis is an ________ process	endergonic	12
8237897761	what does the wavelength determine?	the type of electromagnetic energy	13
8237897762	electromagnetic spectrum	entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiation	14
8237897763	visible light	consists of wavelengths (including those that drive photosynthesis) that produce colors we can see	15
8237897764	Light also behaves as though it consists of discrete particles called__________	photons	16
8237897765	pigments	substances that absorb light	17
8237897766	what happens to wavelengths that are not absorbed	they are reflected or transmitted	18
8237897769	absorption spectrum	is a graph plotting a pigment's light absorption versus wavelength	19
8237897773	absorbs excessive light that would damage chlorophyll	cartenoids	20
8237897774	Chlorophyll	-a molecule found in thylakoid membranes that catch light	21
8237897775	when a pigment absorbs light it goes from a ground state to an excited state, which is unstable, when the excited electrons fall back to the ground state, ______ are given off, an afterglow called _______	photons fluorescence	22
8237897776	photosystem consists of a _______________ which is a type of protein complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes	reaction-center complex	23
8237897777	light-harvesting complex (pigment molecules bound to proteins)	transfer the energy of photons to the reaction center	24
8237897778	primary electron acceptor	accepts excited electrons and is reduced as a result	25
8237897779	two Photosystems	-photosystem II -photosystem I	26
8237897780	PSII	functions first and is best at absorbing wavelength of 680nm	27
8237897781	PSI	best at absorbing 700 nm wavelength	28
8237897782	linear electron flow	involves the flow of electrons through both photosystems to produce ATP and NADH using light energy	29
8237897783	Where are the photosystems located	In the thylakoids membrane	30
8237897785	What happens as the H+ ions are pumped across the thylakoid membrane	ATP is produced	31
8237897786	Place where hydrogen concentration is high	Thylakoid soace	32
8237897787	Place where hydrogen concentration is low	Stroma	33
8237897789	final electron accepor	NADP+	34
8237897790	Where do the NADPH and ATP created from PSII and PSI go	To the Calvin cycle	35
8237897791	for net synthesis of one G3P the calvin cycle must spin _______ times "fixing" ____ molecules of CO2	3 times 3 molecules	36
8237897792	what does the calvin cycle begin with	carbon fixation in which CO2 enters the cycle	37
8237897793	three phases of citric acid cycle (krebs cycle)	1) Carbon Fixation 2) Reduction 3) regeneration	38
8237897794	where is the citric acid cycle located	stroma	39
8237897795	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)	the product of the calvin cycle	40
8237897796	carbon fixation	CO2 enters calvin cycle and combines with RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate) using the enzyme rubisco	41
8237897797	reduction	reaction and phosphorylation of 3-phosphoglycerate to G3P	42
8237897798	regeneration	involves the rearrangement of G3P to regenerate the initial CO2 receptor, RuBP	43
8237897799	how many G3P are produced..what happens	6 G3P molecules are produced, but only one leaves the calvin cycle, and the other 5 stay in order for the cycle to continue	44
8237897800	3 CO2 go in and how much G3P comes out	1 G3P	45
8237897807	plants store glucose as	starch	46
8237897808	the energy entering chloroplasts as sunlight gets stored as ________ energy in organic compounds	chemical	47
8237897809	in addition to food production, photosynthesis produces _____ into our atmosphere	O2	48