AP Biology: Membranes & Transport NEW Flashcards

8661400601	endomembrane system	A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.	0
8661400602	dialysis	The diffusion of small solutes through a selectively permeable membrane.	1
8661400603	turgor pressure	The pressure inside of a cell as a cell pushes itself against the cell wall.	2
8661400604	plasmolysis	This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact.	3
8661400605	flaccid	This happens when water moves, but the amount within the cell is constant; no pressure builds.	4
8661400606	cytolysis	This happens when a cell swells until pressure bursts it, resulting in cell death.	5
8661400607	crenation	This happens when a cell shrinks and shrivels; can result in cell death if severe.	6
8661400608	water potential	The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.	7
8661400609	solute potential	This measurement has a maximum value of 0; it decreases as the concentration of a solute increases.	8
8661400610	pressure potential	This measurement has a minimum value of 0 (when the solution is open to the environment); it increases as pressure increases.	9
8661400611	fluid mosaic model	Structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer.	10
8661400612	integral proteins	proteins that are permanently attached to the cell membrane	11
8661400613	transmembrane proteins	Integral proteins that span the membrane.	12
8661400614	peripheral proteins	proteins that temporarily associate with a membrane; are not embedded in the lipid bilayer, are loosely bound to surface of membrane	13
8661400615	cell-cell recognition	The function of membrane proteins in which some glycoproteins serve as ID tags that are recognized by membrane proteins of other cells.	14
8661400616	intercellular joining	The function of membrane proteins in which membrane proteins of adjacent cells hook together, as in gap junctions or tight junctions.	15
8661400617	glycolipids	Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to lipids.	16
8661400618	glycoproteins	Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins.	17
8661400619	transport protein	A membrane protein that has transports certain molecules or ions through the cell membrane	18
8661400620	channel protein	A transport protein that has a channel that allows passage of certain molecules or ions use	19
8661400621	aquaporin	A transport protein that facilitates the passage of water through cell membranes	20
8661400622	carrier protein	A transport protein that binds molecules and changes shape to shuttles them across the membrane	21
8661400623	tonicity	The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water; depends partly on concentration of nonpenetrating solutes relative to inside of cell.	22
8661400624	osmoregulation	The control of water balance.	23
8661400625	turgid	A cell with a cell wall that has a reasonable amount of pressure but is healthy.	24
8661400626	cotransport	The coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient.	25
8661400627	phagocytosis	Process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell.	26
8661400628	pinocytosis	A type of endocytosis in which the cell "gulps" droplets of fluid into tiny vesicles.	27
8661400629	receptor-mediated endocytosis	A type of endocytosis in which the cell acquires bulk quantities of specific substances, even though they may not be very concentrated in the extracellular fluid.	28