04 Cell Structure AP Biology Flashcards

7653678030	organelle	A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell	0
7653692934	membrane bound organelle	organelles with membranes around them	1
7653696012	cytosol	Part of the cytoplasm that is not held by any of the organelles	2
7653698379	cytoplasm	The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus.	3
7653700399	eukaryotic cell	cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles	4
7653702536	prokaryotic cell	cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.	5
7653703678	plasma membrane	A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells	6
7653704551	nuclear envelope	A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell	7
7653706460	nuclear lamina	A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.	8
7653708379	chromosome	A molecule of DNA. In Eukaryotoes, it consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.	9
7653709244	chromatin	The DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell	10
7653719799	nucleolus	Structure found in the nucleus of cells where ribosomes are made	11
7653723529	endomembrane system	A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.	12
7653724624	vesicle	Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.	13
7653726284	smooth ER	Synthesis of lipids, phospholipids and steroid hormones; specialized in liver cells to help detoxify drugs and poisons;	14
7653729341	rough ER	network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins.	15
7653729960	endoplasmic reticulum	an interconnected network of thin folded membranes	16
7653731514	glycoprotein	A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it.	17
7653732676	transport vesicles	Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another.	18
7653734637	Golgi apparatus	Stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.	19
7653735121	lysosome	A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.	20
7653737876	contractile vacuoles	A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell.	21
7653738853	mitochondria	The organelles in which nutrients are converted to ATP.	22
7653741303	chloroplasts	Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.	23
7653742965	chlorophyll	A green pigment found in photosynthetic bacteria and in the chloroplasts of plants and algae	24
7653745489	plastid	Organelles in plants that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA	25
7653749402	peroxisome	organelle that breaks down H2O2 and contains catalase	26
7653753081	cristae	Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.	27
7653754459	thylakoids	Membranous structures within a chloroplast that serve as the site for light harvesting in photosynthesis.	28
7653755404	stroma	The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.	29
7653757228	cytoskeleton	Network of protein filaments within cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement.	30
7653758688	cytoplasmic streaming	The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents.	31
7653760084	cell wall	Strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, fungi, some protists and most bacteria.	32
7653775806	ribosome	organelle at which proteins are synthesized (found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes)	33
7653778334	nucleoid	A non-membrane-bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated	34
7653781590	synthesis	To make	35
7653783055	secrete	to produce a chemical substance in a cell and release it from the cell	36
7653785038	motile	Able to move	37
7653786864	cilia	Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion	38
7653787855	flagella	A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility.	39
7653802662	vacuole	fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by a cell (in plants it is large)	40
7653805883	centriole	structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division	41
7653810082	bacteria	A single-celled, microscopic prokaryotic organism	42
7716124904	Tight junction	Almost impermeable junction that encircles the cell; helps prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells	43
7716128913	Desmosome	Anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells to prevent their separation; abundant in tissues like skin and heart muscle subjected to great mechanical stress	44
7716130634	Gap junction	A communicating junction between neighboring cells; allows ions to pass between cells; present in electrically excitable tissues like cardiac muscle.	45