AP Biology- Chapter 53 Flashcards

8644857880	population ecology	study of populations in relation to their enviornment	0
8644857881	population	group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area, all rely on same resources, influenced by similar environmental factors and usually breed and interact with one another, boundaries and size	1
8644857882	density	number of individuals per unit area or volume	2
8644857883	dispersion	pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population, there's uniform, random, and clumped	3
8644857884	mark-recapture method	tag individuals in 2 different sets to estimate population size	4
8644857885	immigration	new members of the same species coming IN to a population	5
8644857886	emigration	members of the same species going OUT of a population	6
8644857887	territoriality	defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by others	7
8644857888	demography	study of vital stats of a pop and how they change over time, birth and death rates	8
8644857889	life tables	age-specific summaries of the survival pattern of a population, used in insurance companies to find life expectancies	9
8644857890	cohort	group of individuals of same age	10
8644857891	survivorship curve	represents some data from life tables, plot of the proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age, 3 types	11
8644857892	type I curve	Low death rate in young and middle age, but exponentially increasing death rate as the organism becomes old.	12
8644857893	type II curve	Relatively linear death rate throughout entire life.	13
8644857894	type III curve	high death rate early in life, but flattens out as organism ages. Usually a product of semelparity.	14
8644857895	reproductive table	fertility schedule, age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population, sexual species tally the number of female offspring produced by each age-group	15
8644857896	zero population growth	when the birth rates and death rates equal rach other	16
8644857897	exponential population growth	pop increase in ideal conditions, per capita rate of increase may assume its max rate and is show as rmax	17
8644857898	per capita death rate	expected number of deaths per unit of time in a pop of any size, D=MN	18
8644857899	per capita birth rate	number of offspring produced per unit of time by an average member of the population B=bN	19
8644857900	carrying capacity	limit of resources, limit to the number of individuals that occupy a habitat, represented by K	20
8644857901	logistic population growth model	per capita rate of increase approaches zero as carrying capacity is reached,	21
8644857902	life history	made up of traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival	22
8644857903	semelparity	one shot at reproduction, "big bang reproduction", usually many	23
8644857904	iteroparity	repeated reproduction, produce large offspring in fewer quantities	24
8644857905	k-selection	Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density -- aka density-dependent selection.	25
8644857906	r-selection	selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments -- density independent selection	26
8644857907	density independent	birth or death rate that doesn't change with pop density	27
8644857908	density dependent	death rate that rises as pop density rises, birth rate that falls with rising density	28
8644857909	population dynamics	the branch of science that studies the size and age of populations and the biological and environmental processes driving them.	29
8644857910	metapopulations	group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration	30
8644857911	demographic transition	movement from high birth and death rates toward low birth and death rates, accompanies industrialization and improved living conditions	31
8644857912	age structure	relative number of individuals of each age in the pop, often graphed as pyramids	32
8644857913	ecological footprint	summarizes land and water required by each person, city, or nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates	33