Chycota AP Biology: Cells Flashcards
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| 4949075248 | prokaryotic cell | a simple cell with no nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles. Genetic material is found in the nucleoid. | 0 | |
| 4949075249 | eukaryotic cell | a complex cell containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. | 1 | |
| 4949075250 | plasma membrane | a selective barrier around a cell composed of a double layer of phospholipids. |  | 2 |
| 4949075251 | cell wall | a wall or barrier that functions to shape and protect cells. Present in all prokaryotes and plant cells. |  | 3 |
| 4949075252 | ribosomes | host organelle for protein synthesis in the cell, found in the cytoplasm and are composed of a large unit and a small subunit. In eukaryotes, there are ones bound to the rough ER. |  | 4 |
| 4949075253 | nucleolus | structure where eukaryotic ribosomes are built. | 5 | |
| 4949075254 | smooth endoplasmic reticulum | a membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and carbohydrate metabolism. |  | 6 |
| 4949075255 | rough endoplasmic reticulum | a membrane-bound organelle with ribosomes on the cytoplasmic surface. Proteins produced are secreted and carried by vesicles to the Golgi apparatus. |  | 7 |
| 4949075256 | Golgi apparatus | where proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules are sent to be modified by the addition of sugars and other molecules to form glycoproteins. |  | 8 |
| 4949075257 | Mitochondria | double-membraned organelles that specialize in the production of ATP. |  | 9 |
| 4949075258 | lysosome | a membrane-bound organelle that specializes in digestion. Contains enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. | 10 | |
| 4949075259 | nucleus | the control center of the cell where, in eukaryotic cells, genetic material is store. Also contains the nucleolus. | 11 | |
| 4949075260 | vacuole | a storage organelle that is very large in plant cells, but small in animal cells. |  | 12 |
| 4949075261 | peroxisomes | organelles containing enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide as a by-product while performing various functions such as breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol in the liver. Also contains an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide into water. | 13 | |
| 4949075262 | chloroplast | the site of photosynthesis and energy production in plant cells. |  | 14 |
| 4949075265 | mictrotubules | constructed from tubulin and have a lead role in the separation of cells during cell division. | 15 | |
| 4949075266 | microfilaments | constructed from actin and play a big part in muscular contraction. | 16 | |
| 4949123842 | nuclear envelope | Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate traffic with the cytoplasm. The outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. | 17 | |
| 4949138915 | cytoskeleton | Network of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm and serves a variety of mechanical, transport and signaling functions. | 18 | |
| 4949152322 | centrosome | a structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division (has 2 centrioles). | 19 | |
| 4949175841 | cilia | short appendages containing microtubules in eukaryotic cells. Functions include locomotion, movement, sensory or signaling. | 20 | |
| 4949201197 | flagella | long appendage specialized for locomotion | 21 | |
| 4949215861 | plasmodesmata | An open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and some larger molecules to pass between cells. | 22 |